230 Foreign Literature. 
study of the various systems of philosophy, and to investi- 
gate their concatenation, successive developments, and, in 
short, to dive into one of the most important branches ’of 
the history of the human mind. M. Tennemann has added 
to this small Treatise a very complete bibliographical notice 
of works relative to the ‘history of philosophy. He has 
also accompanied it with convenient chronological tables, 
but not so pertect as those of Eberhardt, the faiter having 
taken care m respect of his tables to introduce the principad 
epochs of the political history. The relation established in 
this way clearly shows the reciprocal influence of events 
upon philosophy, and vice versé. M.Tennemann has ex- 
cluded Oriental philosophy from his work ; but it never- 
theless appears to be important to discover the origin of the 
systems already known, by consulting the mythology. 
and fictions of the East, from which they took.their origin. 
He divides his work into three parts: the first is dedicated 
to ancient philosophy, the second to that of the middle 
age, and the third to modern philosophy. The first sec- - 
tion is subdivided into three periods. : 
Ist, From Thales to Socrates: 2d, from Socrates to the 
termination of the disputes between the followers of Zeno 
and of the Academy: and, 3d, from the latter period, 
when the sceptic Ainesidemus appeared, to Nicolas of 
Damas, 500 years after the birth of Christ. Each of these 
periods comprehends under different sections every thing 
which relates to each school. The history of the philoso-= 
‘phy of tbe middle age comprehends the period from the 
ninth to the sixteenth century. This part is treated in a 
very abridged form, but the author nevertheless subdivides 
it into periods. The first comprehends the history of 
Realism to the gleventh century: afterwards come the dis- 
putes of the Realists and the Nominatists from Roscellin 
to Albert the Great; then comes the epoch of the triumph 
of Realism, and the union of the doctrine of the Church 
with the philosophy of Aristotle, from Albert the Great to 
Occam. The second period extends from the renewal of 
the disputes of the Realists and the Nominalists, provoked 
by Occam, and which secured the victory of the Nominalists, 
towards the sixtcenth century. M.Tennemann divides the 
history of modern philosophy into three periods: the first 
extends from the sixteenth to the seventeenth century. Du- 
ring this time thé old systems were modified and combined 
in different ways; the second extends to the end of the 
eighteenth century. New systems arise out of the ruins of 
the old. Bacdn and Descartes are the first on the philese- 
phical, 
