310 Roman Antiquities found in Westphalia. = = 
of the ancients which we have seen. In another spot there 
was found a bow] of crystal chased in silver and surmounted 
by a knob or stopper. M. Hoffman thinks the ladies 
among the ancients made use of this for cooling their 
hands. Eleven tombs have been opened, and a great many 
more remain still untouched. 
Among the iron utensils, darts were found hollowed in 
the sides and with a very keen edge, besides a great quan- 
tity of other instraments, which prove that the Romans un- 
derstood the preparation of iron extremely well, Very few 
bronze articles were found, some were of bone, and among 
otber curiosities there was the handle of a guitar. M. Hoff. 
man also found several bones as if attempted to be sawed, 
but without answering any purpose, which would seem to 
indicate that a mechanic had his workshop near this place. 
M. Hoffman remarks, with respect to the earthen vases, 
that their red colour does not depend upon the quality of 
the clay, but upon the way in which the Romans washed it. 
They employed for their vases al] kinds of earth: and where- 
ever the Romans resided in Germany,’ these red vases have 
been discovered. Those which were dug up near Neuwied 
were made of an earth found in the environs of the village 
of Radenbach. It is probably necessary to observe, that it 
does not follow, because there are abundance of fragments 
of earthen ware at any spot, that there was necessarily a 
pottery there. We know that the Romans scarcely used 
any other than earthen vessels, and near every inhabited 
place there must have been a spot where they threw the 
broken pieces. As these utensils served for common pur- 
poses, it is not surprising to find that the figures on them 
are very coarse: some however are carefully executed. 
Besides the ornaments which serve for the borders above * 
and below, and which consist of festoons, foliage, pearls, 
&c. the body of the vase is adorned with all kinds of figures 
of animals. Upon a kind of saucer or flat dish there is a 
curious design ; a man has transfixed an infant from behind, 
and holds it up on bis lance, while its hands are raised to- 
wards the sky. A warrior is in the act of advancing with 
a drawn sword in one hand and a buckler in the other: the 
latter is probably a Roman, and the former a German, the 
group being intended to inspire a hatred against the Bar- 
barians. Several vases bear inscriptions. On one, for exs 
ample, we read the letters SCR in distinct characters. 
Several at the bottom bear the name of the potter. On 
another we read VITRIO FE: on the other JULLINUS. 
Wo other figures were discoyered but those which were 
| painted 
