THE 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE: 



COMPREHENDING 



THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF SCIENCE, 



THE LIBERAL AND FINE ARTS, 



GEOLOGY, AGRICULTURE, 



MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE. 



BY ALEXANDER TILLOCH, 



M.R.I.A. F.S.A. Edin. and Perth, &c. 



" Nee aranearum sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee nott«c 

 yilior quia ex alicnis libamus ut apes." Just. Lin. Monit. Polit ^hV » ,-tj ^ i. 



VOL. xxxvni. 



For JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, 

 and DECEMBER, 1811. 



LONDON.- 



PRINTED BV RICHARD TAYLOR AND CO,, SHOB LANS: 



And sold by Richardsons ; Cadell and Davies ; Longman, Hurit^ 



Rees, Orme, and Brown ; Vernor, Hood, and Sharpe ; Mcv 



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and RriD, and Niven, GUsgow: 



if Gilbert ^ Hocots, Dublin. 



