On ^ail Roads. 53 



2. In anotlier place, wiih a rise of l-j^inch per yarJ, 

 one horse takes two tons upwards. 



3. With 8 feet rise in 66 yards, nearly 1 4- inch per yard, 

 one horse takes two tons upwards. 



4. On the I'enrhyn rail-way., (same slope as the ahove,) 

 two horses draw downwards 4 svaggons, each containing 

 one ton of slate*. 



5. With a slope of 5 5 feet per mile, one horse takes 12 

 to 13 tons downwards, and 4 tons upwards, and all thq 

 empty waggons f. 



6. At Ayr, one horse draws on a level 5 waggons, each 

 containing a ton of coal. 



7. On the Surry rail-way, one horse, on a declivity of 

 one inch in ten feet, is said to draw 30 f^uarters of wheat X, 



Other actual cases niight he given, but these will suffice 

 to show the great saving of animal force. 



From these cases, and the known laws of mechanics, 

 ^ve may perhaps safely infer, that where the apparatus is 

 tolerably well constructed, and the slope 10 lecL per mile, 

 one horse may draw 5 tons upwards, and 7 tons downwards. 

 Now, if I am rightly inforiTicd, horses at present draw from 

 Sanquhar to Dumfries only about 95 cwt. of coal at an 

 average eacli. But say half a ton ; then, on the slo])e stated 

 ^hove, one horse would, taking weight upward, do the work 

 of ten on the turnpike road, and downward, oi fourteen. 

 Hence, in this point of view, it may be said that a rail- 

 way would bring the coal-mines ten titiies, at least, nearer 

 to Dumfries than they are at present. 



The principal rail -ways in England and Wales, a short 

 time ago, were — the Cardiff' and Merlhyr, i'Gf miles long; 

 runs very. nearly by the side of the Glaniorsranshire canal. 



The Caermurtlienshire. — In the deep cuttings for this rail- 

 way, several unknown veins of coal were discovered, and 

 sf)me of lead ore. 



The S^rhowry, 28 miles, in the counties of Monmouth 

 and Brecknock. The Surry, 26 miles. 



The Swamey s.ndOy . ■iter inojUh , Tg miles ; and many others, 

 as branches to canals. Since ihuse were executed, many 

 haA'e been added, and they are daily uicreasing in number. 



In Scotland they have been long used about some of the 

 coal-works, and are now fast iiKrcasiug, A public rail- 

 way is now nearly completed between Kilmarnock and the 

 Troon harbour. 



• See P'ymley's Agricultural Report of Shropshire. ^' 

 + liopcitoryof Arts, ^vc. vol. ili. vM series. 

 } MjIcoIiu's Agricultural Rtporloi Suit/. 



D 3 xr. Ob- 



