326 On the recent Improvements 
know ye, that in compliance with the said proviso, in the 
said letters patent contained, I the said William Hawkes do 
hereby declare, that my said improvements or musical 
keyed instruments of twelve fixed tones, are described as 
follows :—that is to say, The improvements in the organ are 
effected by a pedal under the key-board, and an extra slide 
to every stop in the sound-board, to correspond with the 
general slide. The above extra slide has a communication 
from the sound-board to the extra~pipes; namely, sharps 
and flats; which by depressing the pedal with the foot, 
brings on the sharp scale, and by elevating the pedal brings 
on the flat scale; and as the flats go off the sharps are 
brought on; and inversely, as the sharps go off the flats are 
brought on ; by which action of the pedal, communicated 
to the additional slide with double holes adapted to the ad- 
ditional pipes, namely, five pipes to each octave. My 
improvement in the piano-forte is effected, by adding seven 
diatonic and five flat tones to our present scale of twelve 
fixed tones, which form two chromatic scales; the one 
termed a flat scale, and the other q sharp scale, and is done 
by two sets of strings, of two unisons to each set, which 
are acted upon without the addition of a key to the key- 
board, by a pedal, by which the key-board is made to move 
forwards or backwards about one-fourth of an inch, the 
same hammer striking each set of strings both in the flat 
and sharp. scale, by depressing the pedal with the foot, 
when the sharp scale is wanted, and elevating the pedal 
when the flat scale is wanted.—In witness whereof, &c. 
Specification of the Patent granted to Mr. David Loesch- 
man, of New mun-strect, in the Parish of St. Mary-le- 
bone, in the County of Middlesex, Piano-Forte Maker, 
for Improvements in the musical Scales of keyed Instru- 
ments with fixed Tones, such as Pianos, Organs, c.— 
Dated July 26, 1809. 
To ail to whom these presents shall come, &c.—Now 
know ye, that in compliance with the said proviso, I the 
said David Loeschman do hereby declare, that my said 
invention is described in and by the drawings (see Plate 1X) 
and description thereof hereunto annexed, and in manner 
following; that is to say,—The scale of a piano-forte or 
organ on the common principle haying 12 sounds within 
the octave, I have by my invention extended to 24 distinct 
sounds, which enables the performer to play in 33 perfect 
keys, 18 major (thirds) and 15 minor thirds; and this I 
haye effected by means of six pedals, that cause the ham- 
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