364 Method of procuring Turpentine 
up in a bank about one foot and half high round the edge 
of the circle ; they next get a pine ‘that will split straight, of 
a sufficient length to reach from the centre of the circle 
some way beyond the bank; this pine, is split through the 
middle, and both parts are then hollowed out; after which 
they are put together, ‘and sunk in: such a way; that one 
end which is placed in the centresof the circle is higher 
than that end which comes witbout the bank, where a hole 
is dug in the ground for the tar to run into, and whence the 
tar is taken up and barrelled as it runs from the kiln. After 
the kiln is marked out, they bring the wood, ready split up, 
in small billets, rather smaller than are generally used for 
the fires in England, and itis them packed as ‘close as’ possi- 
ble, with the end inwards, sloping towards the middle, and 
the middle is filled up with small wood and the knots of 
trees, which last haye more.tarjn them,than any other part 
of the wood ; the kiln is built, in. such.a way, that at cwelve 
or fourteen, feet high it wall; averbang two or three feet, and 
it appears quite compact and solid. After the whole of the 
wood is piledson, they get a parcel of smail logs, and then 
place a line of turf, then another line of logs, and so on al- 
ternately all the.,vay wp,,andithe top they cover with two 
or three thicknesses,of turf. After the whole is covered in 
this way, they take out .ajturf in, ten or a dozen different 
places round: the top,, at each.of which. they light it, and 
it then burns, downwards till the whole of the tar is 
melted out; and if it burns too fast they stop some of the 
holes, and if not fast enough, they open others, all of which 
the tar-burner, from) practice, is able to judge of. When 
it begins to run slow, if it is near where charcoal is wanted, 
they fill up all the holes, and, watch it.to prevent the fire 
breaking ont any wherestill the whole is charred ; the char- 
coal is worth two-pence to three-pence, British sterling, 
per bushel. It will,take six! or eight days to burn a tar- 
kiln; in some places they burn.it at such a distance from 
the shipping that they have. very far, to roll it, and even 
then sell it at from 3s. 6d.:to 5s, British sterling, per barrel, 
sometimes taking the whole out in gqods, but never less than 
half the amount in goods; from al] which it will he reason- 
ably supposed that tar-burning in that country is but a bad 
trade, as it must be a good hand to make more than at the 
rate of a barrel a day; the barrels cost.the burner about 
is. 3d. British sterling, each ; the tar-makers are in general 
very poor, except here and there one that has an opportu- 
nity of making it near the water-side. Pitch is made by 
either boiling the tar till it comes to a proper thickness, fe 
else 
