424 Geological LiquirieSf 



8. Are the detached fragments, by which the bottom is over- 

 spread, angular or rounded? of the same species of rock as com- 

 poses the sides of the valley, or different ? 



9. Of what description is the solid rock or base upon wlticli 

 these rest ? 



10. Are they open or closed at one or both extremities ? 



11. Do any subordinate lateral valleys open into the main 

 one, and what remarkable circumstances occur at their junction ? 



12. Do streams rise in or flow through them, and in what 

 direction ? 



§ III. Ccncerninsr Plains. 



1. Their shape and extent, with the nature, height, and ge- 

 neral appearance of the hills or mountains by which they may 

 be bounded ? 



2. The degree and direction of their inclination or slope ? 



3. The nature and character of the different soils by whicl! 

 they are covered ? 



4. Whether dry, or abounding in springs and standing waters? 



5. If traversed by streams, in what direction do they flow ? 



6. Are the beds of rounded pebbles (if such occur) composed 

 of minerals similar to those which form the surrounding moun- 

 tains ? 



7. Have any opportunities presented themselves, in sinking 

 shafts or wells, cutting canals, excavating docks and quarries, 

 and digging foundations, of examining the subjacent strata, and 

 what are the results of such observations ? 



§ IV. Concerning Rivers. 



1. Their source*, their mouth ? 



2. The direction and length of their course, and whether 

 these are the same now as formerly ? 



3. Their breadth, depth, and rapidity? 



4. What is the rate of their descent or fall ? is it uniform or 

 interrupted? 



5. The amount of their periodical increase or decrease ? 



6. The colour, temperature, and other properties of the 

 water ? 



7. Whether any part of their course is subterranean ? 



8. Do they run in the same direction as the strata, or cross 

 them, and at what i.ngle ? 



9. The nature of the bed, whether rock, mud, sand, or gravel ? 

 Arc the pebbles of the same rock as that of the adjacent country? 



-'^ Their teinperiuarc at diirerent places ?— Edit. 



§ V. Con- 



