On Cosmogony. | 377, 
it is clear that the highest mouitains were eompletely covered. 
Cuvier hovrever says, that when the: primitive mountains had 
once appeared above the ocean, they were never again submerged. 
Jameson, in the volume already cited, asserts the same thing. 
7. All orthodox Christians are agreed in this point: That if there 
had been no sin, there would have been no suffering ; that suffer- 
ing of every kind is the effect of sin; that Adam was constituted 
the head and representative of the ‘whole creati on ; and conse- 
quently that all the animals participated in the consequences of 
his disobedience. But in this respect the Christian doctrine is 
overturned, and, [ may say, annihilated, by the system of geo- 
logists. According to them, whole races of carnivorous animals 
inhabited both the sea and the dry land befere the ereation of 
man 3 consequently the brute creation must have been in a state 
of pain and suffering before Adam fell. Cuvier, indeed, allows, 
that while the face of the earth was covered with successive races 
of land animals, the human race may have been existing in some 
narrow region of the globe. But this will net remove the difficulty 
for Jameson and Cuvier both assure us that the sea was peopled 
with fishes before the dry land was capable of being inhabited. 
S. Nothing whatever in the Scripture is more clearly taught, 
than that the whole human race has descended from one father 
and one mother. Cuvier has an interesting chapter, in which 
he inquires what are the greatest changes which can be pro- 
duced in the race of animals by time or climate, or any other 
cause. He decides, that the greatest possible difference which can 
be produced, is not so great as the difference between one species 
and another species of the same genus. I think it must be ac- 
knowledged that an European and a Chinese differ as much from 
one another as two species of a horse, or a dog, or any other ani-~ 
mal. Now as no reason can be assigned why time or climate 
should operate greater changes on men than on animals, it fol- 
lows that the European and the Chinese eould scarcely have 
been of the same species, But the difference between an Eu- 
yopean and a Negro is far greater and more decided. It is there- 
fore scarcely possible, according to Cuvier, that they could have 
sprung originally from the same parents. 
9, At the time of the deluge the earth was covered with the 
same race of men and:the same kinds of animals as those which 
now exist ; they must therefore have been overwhelmed together. 
But Guvier tells us, that although the strata of the earth abound 
with fossil bones, there is scarcely a single instance of a bone 
being found whith belongs to an animal of an existing species ; 
and he maintains that there is no instance whatever of a hu- 
- man bone being found in a fossil state. He maintains at the 
sine time, that no reason can be given why bones of men should 
not 
