48 Olservatlons on Gall and Spurzhe'mis new Syslem 



wliich denies external matter ; and the materialism of Priestley* 

 In other words we hereby see where was the defect of consider- 

 ation in the disciples of Kant, who were divided about objective 

 and subjective reality. Long before I became acquainted with 

 craniologv, these subjects engaged much of my attention, and 

 1 felt convinced that a radical difference in the conformation of 

 the mind must be the cause why certain people only regarded the 

 objectivity and others only the subjectivity : and why others saw 

 clearly the reality was the resnlt of the reaction of the impressions 

 of the object on the subject. I know persons who are defective 

 in the organ of Individuality, wlio, when they are ill of nervous 

 affections, have told me that they felt as if the external world did 

 not exist, but that all ideas were entirely within themselves. All 

 these things however must now be superficially treated of as va- 

 rieties of insanity, as connected with particular organization and 

 established natural influences. — I mention these facts in a hasty 

 and imperfect manner ; they will become the subjects of future 

 consideration of persons more qualified. 



Of Insajiity. 



In Dr. Spurzheim's recent excellent work, he has said, ad- 

 verting to the treatment of lunatics and the places of their con- 

 linement, that they may more peoperly be called mad houses 

 than houses for madmen. Tiie treatment of insane persons is 

 certainly at present very defective and often disgusting to huma- 

 nity. The discoveries of Gall and Spurzheim seem really to 

 promise some amelioration of their medical treatment. They 

 constitute the only scientific source of knowledge about the va- 

 rieties of these interesting kinds of diseases. 



Of Education. 



The application of the physiology of the brain to the educa- 

 tion of youth, consists in the cultivation of the intellect, and in 

 the regulation of the moral character ; and is founded on the 

 jnoof we have already obtained from experience, that we can 

 ascertain from the external form of the head the principal and 

 basis of education ; namely, the relative development of the 

 different material conditions of the faculties. 



I. With regard to the intellect. — Education consists in exer- 

 cising the faculties. Phrenology, by pointing out the strongest 

 faculties of individuals, will assist us in choosmg professions for 

 youth suitable to the genius of the individual ; and teach us, 1st, 

 to cultivate those faculties in the exercise whereof he is likely to 

 become eminent; or, 2dly, to give additional excitement to 

 those which, though naturally weak, may be roused into com- 

 parative exertion by the excitements offered by education. 



II. With 



