'2^ On Cast Iron and Steel. 



manganese with crude iron; but they prove a decarbonation 

 from mottled iron to steel, and a loss of matter, by oxida- 

 tion und decarbonation, of A\, 5, 4j, 65, S| per cent. 



Grains. 



5. Boring dust . . . . . . . . , . . 400 



Manganese (black oxide, vvliich had lost 22 per 



cent, of oxygen in a red heat) Jth . . . . 50 



The metallic button obtained from this fusion was in 

 fracture perfect white cast iron, but possessed of a blueish 

 glance similar to No. 3; weight 382 grains; loss 18 grains, 

 or 4} per cent. Glass deep brown with occasional blue 

 streaks. 



6. Boring dust 400 



Manganese deoxidated, |th .. .. ,. 100 



The metallic button obtained, weighed 386 grains ; loss 

 14 grains, or 34 per cent.; fracture, steel-grained, glass 

 deep broun, opaque. 



7. Boring dust . . , . , . . . . . 400 

 Manganese deoxidated, \ . . . . . . 200 



Result, a smooth metallic button covered with a minute 

 chequered crystallization; weight 386 grains; loss 14, or 

 3f per cent. The fracture of this button war uncommonly 

 dense, and im])ressed with the same crystallization that 

 was noticed upon its surface. By comparing this result 

 with No. 4, where the same quantity of oxide of manga- 

 nese was used, it appears extremely probable that a portion 

 of metallic manganese was here imited to the iron nearly 

 equal to 4| per cent, the difference of the metallic waste 

 sustained in the two fusions. 



S. Boring dust . . 400 



Manganese deo.udated . . . . . . 400 



A metallic button similar to No. 6, was obtained from 

 this fusion; weight 369 grains; loss 31, or 7| pet cent.; 

 fracture, grayish blue, steel-grained. If compared with 

 No. 4, where only half the quantity of manganese was used, 

 the metallic oxidation is less I a per cent, rendering it still 

 more probable that a portion of metallic manganese in this, 

 as in No. 9, became united to the iron in fusion. But this 

 quantity seems so small for experiments performed in close 

 crucibles, that I am inclined to think, in the refining of cast 

 iron, as practised by Mr. Reynolds, in an open furnace 

 with oxide of manganese, that no metallic alloy took place 

 with the iron. 



With a view to investigate the subject further, and to 

 prove what effect in the furnace would be produced by mix- 

 ing 



