3S8 Cas Li gills. 



which are nearlv on a level are comiectcd bv galleries, and furiB 

 stages to the iu:mber of six, which go to a depth of I -10 fathoms. 

 In old times tliey seem to have gone 3.") toiscs lower. There ex- 

 ists an excavation which is GO fathoms deep, and from 20 to 40 

 in breadth. M. de Bonnard regards these works as the most 

 astonishing for their boldness which exist in any mine, but asLy 

 far too large, and therefore inconvenient. 



M, de Bonnard terminates what he has said on the subject of 

 the granite of his second svsteni, with a few words on the hot 

 vsprings of Carlsbad, a town sitiuitcd on the Toeppel in a narrow 

 valley shut in by two granite mountains, and which he conceives 

 to be very extraordinary. In the valley tliere is no other species 

 ot rock, and it is from this basin that a spring of boiling water 

 isjiues from under a calcareous arch which it has formed itself by 

 itd depositions, and under which is an excavation full of vapour 

 iiiid water, the depth of wliich is unknown. In order to account 

 for this fact, M. Werner thinks that there is at the bottom of the 

 valley, under the stratum of vegetalde earth, coal in a state of 

 combustion, which expands the water from tlie Toeppel, which 

 filters through subterranean cavities. The waters of CarUljad are 

 tlie most frequented of Germany and Europe. They contsia 

 sulphate and muriate of soda, lime, carbonic acid, and iron: the 

 sulphate of soda is the most abundant, and is extracted on the 

 spot. 



M. de Bonnard informs us that " in the mines of Joachimstadt 

 there was found, at the depth of I.tO toises, a large trunk of a 

 bituminized tree, with the vestiges of bark, branches, and leaves. 

 It has i)een entirely carried off piecemeal for mineralogical cabi- 

 nets, and numerous specimens have been sold under the name of 

 ' wood of the deluge.' " 



In a very copious recapitulation he generalizes the observations 

 made in the course of his pa|)er, and pursues everv separate rock 

 through all the circumstances of stratification under which it has 

 been presented to him. 



GAS LIGHTS. 



The advantages resulting from the application of gas to tlie 

 lighting of streets and liouses have been recently extended totlie 

 Surrey side of theThames: and thewholeof the Borough ofSouth- 

 wark, with that part of Blackfriars Road between the bridge and 

 the Rev. Mr, Hill's chapel, is now brilliantly illuminated in 

 this oeconomical and efficient manner. In addition to the .Surrey 

 Institution, nearly all the shops in that district, and the elegant 

 private residence of Mr. Potts in the Clink liberty, are lighted with 

 gas, which is found fully to answer every purpose of domestic 

 occoaomy. The superb dining- and drawing-rooms, with the li- 

 brary 



