at Schenbrunn ia Austria. 251 
gray, and falls over the eyes and shoulders. The hair of the lower 
part or belly is darker, and like wool.” Its feet are cloven, and 
the teeth as well as the interior parts are similar to those of the 
ox. The arrangement which Aristotle gives to the horns of the 
aurochs—of being folded and bent over each other in such a way 
that they cannot strike—is a peculiarity of the individual which 
Aristotle had before him; and which must have been correct, for 
he repeats the description twice. We know however that this 
character can sca: rcely be regarded as constant, since it varies in 
the same individual. Lastly, Le assigns to each horn the size 
of a palm or upwards. 
With the exception of the fable which Aristotle relates on the 
subject of the excremeuts of the awrochs, and which Pliny and 
Elian have carefully preserved, the description of this great na- 
turalist is distinct and clear. Finally, he assigns Peonia as the 
country of the lonasos, and says that it inbabits Mount Mena- 
pius, which separates Peonia from Media. Pliny, in afterwards 
copying the description of Aristotle, does not endeavour to as- 
certain what animal could be the Lonasos of the Greek naturalist ; 
he merely contents himself with saying: “‘ Tradunt in Pzonia 
- feram, que bonasus vocatur, equina juba, cetera tauro similem, 
cornibus ita in se flexis ut non sint utilia pugne ; quapropter 
fuga sibi auxiliari reddentem in e& fimum interdnm et trium 
jugerum longitudine : : cujus contactus sequentes ut ignis aliquis 
amburat.” Hitherto Pliny only speaks of one species of wild 
ox, as well as Aristotle ; but in other places he designates two, 
since he says: “ Jubatos disontes excellentique vi et t velocitate 
uros quibus imperitum vulgus bubalorum nomen imponit.” He 
also returns to those two species of oxen; and observes that the 
Greeks had not experienced the medical properties of the wild 
oxen or bisons, with which the forests of India are filled. Plin: 
Hist. Nat. c. 28. 
- Solinus in copying the Latin naturalist also distinguishes two 
kinds of wild oxen; and he asserts that in the forests of Hyr- 
cania the Lisons are very common as well as the wrus, and that 
these are the oxen distinguished by the vulgar under the name of 
bubalus. Oppian speaks of the bonasos in a manner as inexact 
as. Pausanias, who, in deseribing the bulls exhibited in the spec- 
tacles at Rome, does not give the name of éonasos, but rather 
bison, making it come from Peonia, the country of the former, 
as Aristotle had observed, 
Cesar, always accurate in his details, has decribed the /onasus 
of Aristotle by the name of wrus. But he has described only 
one species of wild bull which he had observed in the forests of 
Hyrcania, This animal, he says, is very large, having 4 cO- 
our, 
