at Scheenbrunn in Austria. 257 
6. The ox figured in the Commentaries of Sigismond D’Her- 
berstein. 
7. The ox represented by Anthony Wied in the Map of Mus- 
covy. 
8. The ox represented in the large edition of Julius Czsar 
published at London by Clarke. In this figure the feet are re- 
presented by far too small to support the mass of the bedy. 
9. The zimbre or wild ox of Moldavia, or the zuber, zubr, tur 
or turon of Poland, is certainly the awrochs. 
10. The white lison of Forster aud Pennant is only a variety 
of the aurochs. 
11. The figure of the female urus, given by Gilibert in his 
History of Quadrupeds.  ~ 
12. The figure of the aurochs of Bertuch, plate xiv. fig. 1, 
which is to be found in the Tafeln des Aligemeinen Naturge- 
schichte. The figures given by Bertuch are so small, and in 
general so bad, that we can place but little confidence in then. 
13. The descriptions which Pallas has given of the urus are 
exact, and he also cites another description of the anatomist 
Wilde, which has the same advantage. 
The aurocks which we saw was a male, which had lived thirty 
years in the menagerie. It came from Transylvania. In a fire 
which broke out in the place where it was kept, it owed its 
preservation to its great strength ; for it broke the chains by 
which it was fastened, dug up the door of its den, and over- 
throwing every obstacle escaped from the flames. This~great 
strength of the awrechs would make it very valuable if it could 
be trained for domestic purposes; but all the attempts made to 
tame this one at Schcenbrunn were fruitless. When I saw it, it 
was not quite so ferocious, for age had diminished its strength, 
The branches of trees which had been given it for food, and 
of which it was very fond, had so worn down its teeth that it 
could no longer digest but with pain, not being able to masti- 
cate. It died soon afterwards of consumption. 
The aurochs is a species almost lost in the present day: some 
few individuals only are found thinly scattered in the forests of 
Lithuania and ‘Transylvania. We are assured that there are 
some in the Krapac Mountains also. It appears that it was for- 
merly very common in some temperate regions of Europe. The 
descriptions of ancient Latin authors give us every reason to be- 
lieve so. 
The individual which we saw at Schoenbrunn emitted a hoarse 
but very strong sound, and which had something in it sad and 
mournful: it roared, but never bellowed like an ox. When it 
was frightened or crossed in any way, it roared so loud that its 
keepers were frequently terrified for the consequences, 
Vol. 47, No, 216. April 1816. R LY. On 
