16 Account of the Gold and Silver Mines of Hungary. 
atage higher by a second, and so on stage by stage, to the re- 
quired elevation on the level of the main adit. At the moment 
when the piston has been forced up toa given point, it acts 
by a simple collateral communication upon the stop-cock (which 
had been turned so as to suffer the water to enter the cylin- 
der), and checks its progress downwards; adjusts it again so 
as to cut off all communication with the descending pipe; 
and opens a passage, through which the water contained in 
the cylinder is at onve discharged. The piston of course de- 
scends, carrying down with it the two wooden bars connected 
with the pump-rods, and in the act of falling, by means of the 
same collateral mechanism, closes the passage through which 
the water was discharged from the cylinder, and, opening the 
communication between the cylinder and the descending column 
of water in the pipe, permits it ‘to enter, and by its pressure again 
raise the piston. In this way the simple piece of machinery 
maintains itself in constant and powerful action. The ease and 
regularity of working is aided by a balance-beam connected by 
a chain with the head of the large piston and pump-rods. 
The machine is set in motion, or stopped, by turning a cock 
fixed in the descending pipe, by which the current of water is 
either permitted to pass into the machine, or iis course entirely 
impeded. ‘The handle of the cack is always within reach of the 
attending engineer. The quantity of water thrown into the cy- 
linder is likewise regulated by it, and consequently the velocity 
with which the pump-rods act. 
The water discharged from this engine is conveyed further 
into the mine, where it again serves to give motion to other ma- 
chinery, until, having reached the level of the Emperor Francis’s 
adit, it there escapes with the water which it had been the means 
of raising from the deepest workings. 
There are now three of these etigines employed to keep the 
nines free from water: they have not however been found at 
all times sufficient, and a fourth is now constructing. The whole 
quantity of water raised by the three in twenty-four hours, is 
49,365 eimers, each eimer containing 60°S11 Paris pints, or 
about sixteen gallons. 
The pipes containing the long column of descending water 
are cast in lengths of six or seven feet. ‘They are not very 
firmly joined together ; the j Joints being secured only by broad 
iron rings, fixed over the junction of each length by wooden 
wedges, which in case of any unusual pressure of the water are 
thrown out, and the pipes themselves prevented from bursting; 
which, if they were fastened together by flanches and screws, 
might sometimes happen. 
Before leaving Windschacht, I was taken to the engineer’s 
office, 
