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Improvement and Extension of Iron Rail-ways. 158 
Bachelor and Doctor of Medicine obtained in the Universities of 
Oxford and Cambridge. 
As qualifications previous to examination for the Zestimonium, 
the certificates of the Professors in Edinburgh are admitted for 
any three of the Courses required, with the exception of the Cli- 
nical Lectures, which must have been attended in the School of 
Physic in Ireland. 
Certificates of attendance on the Professors in the School of 
Physic in Ireland are received, as giving standing in other Uni- 
versities, and as qualifications for medical officers in the army, 
navy, and East India service. And certificates of attendance on 
the Anatomical and Surgical Lectures in Trinity College, are 
also admitted in the different Colleges of Surgeons. 
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XXIII. Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 
IMPROVEMENT AND EXTENSION OF IRON RAIL-WAYS. 
Tus Highland Society of Scotland have recently announced 
the following premium; viz. 
A piece of plate, of fifty guineas value, will be given for the 
best and approved essay on the construction of rail-roads, for 
the conveyanee of ordinary commodities, In this essay it will be 
essential to keep in view, how far rail-roads can be adapted for 
common use in a country j—the means of laden carriages sur- 
mounting the elevations occurring in their course; and whether 
rail-roads, or the wheels of carriages, may be so constructed as 
to be applicable to ordinary roads, as well as to rail-roads, so 
that no inconvenience shall be experienced on leaving either to 
travel on the other: the essay to be accompanied with such mo- 
dels or drwings as shall be sufficient to illustrate the statements 
it contains. 
It is desirable that some account should be given of the prin- 
cipal rail-roads in Britain, together with a brief history of their 
introduction, The premium not to be decided until the 10th 
November 1819. 
And with the same view, the following circular letter has been 
aildresséd.to the various iron-inasters in Scotland and England ; 
viz. 
*¢ Sir,—Althongh the rail-way that is now in contemplation 
in the vicinity of Edinburgh be entirely a matter of local con- 
cern, the peculiar plan of it is certainly to be viewed in a dif- 
ferent light, as an object that well deserves the attention of the 
various classes of the community throughout the kingdom. In- 
stead of insulated patches of rail-way, here and there, for par- 
ticular 
