upon the Phenomena of Earthquakes. > 193 
AE _ . 5 . 
2 burning island * was raised out of the sea, near Tercera, one 
of the Azores, at which place several houses were shaken down 
by an earthquake which attended the eruption of it. © Thig 
‘island was about three leagues in diameter, and nearly round ; 
from whence it is manifest, that the quantity of pumice stones 
and melted matter, which must have been requisite to form it, 
Was amazingly great: in all probability it must have far exceeded 
all that has been thrown out of A2tna and Vesuvius together, 
within the last two thousand years. This’ may serve to satisfy 
us, that the fire which occasioned all this must have subsisted 
for many years, not to say ages, and this without any communi- 
cation with the external air. It is worth observing, that several 
instances of this kind have happened amongst the Azoresf. ‘There 
are, besides many marks of subterraneous firés about these islands, 
several places sending, up smoke or flames. ‘These islands are 
‘also subject to violent and frequent earthquakes. 
_ 30. We have more instances to the same purpose, near the 
island of Santerini.in the Archipelago, where there have been 
several little islands raised out of the sea by a submarine volcano. 
The eruption of one of these in the year 1708, with all the cir- 
cumstances that attended it, we have a very good account of in 
the Philosophiéal Pransactionst. It was raised ina place where 
the sea had been formerly 100 fathoms deep, and was attended 
with earthquakes before it showed itself above water, as well as 
after. Jt is reported, that the island of Santerini itse!f was ori- 
ginally raised out of the sea in the same manner; but, be that 
as it will, we have certain accounts of new islands raised therc, 
or additions made to the old ones, from tinte to time, for above 
1900 years backwards, and there have always been earthqual:cs 
at the time of these eruptions. ; 
31. Another example of the same kind happened at Manila §, 
one of the Philippine islands, in the year 1750. This-a!so was 
attended with violent earthquakes, to which that island, as well 
as the rest of the Philippines, is very much subject. 
32. We may add to these, the many instances of vast quan- 
tities of pumice stones || which have been sometimes found 
floating 2 upon the sea, at so great a distance from the shore, as 
well as from any known volcano, that there can be little doubt 
of their being thrown up by fires subsisting under the bottom of 
the ocean. 
* See Philos. Trans. No. 372; or vol. vi. part ii. p. 203.—Eames’s Abr. 
+ See Hist. and Philos, of Kyrthquakes, under the titles Azores, [slands 
raised, &c. 
t See No. $14, 517, and 332; or vol. v. p. ii. p. 196.—Junos’s Abr, ° 
See Philos. Trans. vol. xlix. p.459. 
fs See Philos, Trans. No. 372; or vol. vi, part ii, p. 204, and No. 402; 
or vol, vii. part ii. p. 43. —Eames’s Abr. 
Volt. 52. No. 245, Sept. 1818. N 33. From 
