226 Notices respecting New Books. 
Considering, accordingly, osteology in this new point of view, 
he proceeds to establish, that every time that two organs are in 
the same position, in the same relations, and under the same de- 
pendencies, they ure similar. In this rests his principle of con- 
nexions ; and in order to confirm this principle in many cases, 
considering the different parts of which these organs are composed, 
he shows that they display themselves in every organ of the same 
number, at least the rudiments of them. It is this sort of demon- 
‘stration which he designates by the name of Theory of Analo- 
gies. 
Disembarrassed in this manner of the principal obstacles which 
would have otherwise arrested the course of his inquiry, 
M. Geoffroy, comprehending in his survey the whole tribe of ani- 
mals with osseous frames, distinguished that the variable parts 
of these animals, which he names abdominal paris, are di- 
rected to the anterior extremity of the vertebral column in fish, 
to the opposite extremity in birds ; that they rest in an interme- 
diate situation in mammiferous animals; and participate of both 
these systems of organization in reptiles. Hence he possesses, 
in a great measure, the explanation of all those anomalies which 
these four groups of animals present when compared to each 
other, and consequently the means of resolving the problem which 
he proposed to himself to solve—namely, to restore the organi- 
zation of vertebral animals to an uniform type. 
A complete Course of Lithography; containing clear and explicit 
Instructions in all the different Branches and Manners of the 
Art: accompanied with illustrative Specimens of Drawings. 
To which is prefixed a History of Lithography, from its original 
to the present time. By ALois SENEFELDER, Inventor of the 
Art of Lithography and Chemical Printing. With a Preface 
by FrepEerIc VAN SCHLICHTEGRALL, Director of the Royal 
Academy of Sciences at Munich. Translated from the German 
by A.S. 4to. pp. 372. 
We are sorry that our limits do not allow us to give a fuller 
detail of the curious matter contained in this interesting volume, 
than we can now submit to our readers; but we shall seize an 
early opportunity to present some extracts which we think will 
induce many of them, especially the professor or amateur of the 
fine arts, to possess themselves of copies of the work, that they 
may apply its instructions to practice. The work is divided into 
two parts : In the first, which is a history of the art from the idea 
that led to its discovery down to its last and improved state, the 
author lays before the reader the various plans that he formed and 
experiments that he tried, and the results with which they were 
attended. In the second he has communicated in the most un- 
reserved 
