Discoveries made in Egypt. 25.5 
where it is hardly the height of aman. No sarcophagus was found 
in this apartment. On its south side is a horizontal passage just 
wide enough for a man to creep in, which terminates abruptly at 
the end of fifty-five feet. Another passage commences, with a 
kind of arch, at the east end of the chamber, which runs about 
forty feet into the solid body of the pyramid. 
The next enterprise of Mr. Caviglia was that of entering the 
upper chamber, to which we have already alluded. The sides and 
roof are of red granite highly polished; the floor is composed of 
the large stones which form the roof of the sarcophagus room. 
No antiquities were found to reward all this labour. 
{n another undertaking Mr. Caviglia met with a rich harvest, 
in the success which followed his exertions to explore the con- 
tents of several of the ruined edifices and tumuli which, when 
viewed from the top of the great pyramid, appear in countless num- 
bers scattered among the pyramids, extending on the left bank of 
the Nile north and south as far as the eye canreach. They have 
been mentioned by travellers, but never examined before with the 
attention they merit. The stone buildings to which he gained 
access, by freeing them from the sand and rubbish with which 
they were choked, and-which Mr. Salt supposes to be mauso- 
leums, are generally oblong, with their walls slightly inclined in- 
ward from the perpendicular, flat-roofed, with a parapet rounded 
at top and rising about a foot above the terrace. Their walls are 
constructed of large masses made nearly to fit with each other, 
though rarely rectangular. Some have door-ways ornamented 
above with a volute, covered with hieroglyphics ; others only of 
Square apertures, gradually narrowing inward. The doors and 
windows are all on the north sides—perhaps, because least ex- 
posed to the wind-carried sands from the Libyan desert. The 
inside of the walls of the first he examined, was stuccoed and 
embellished with rude paintings, one of which represented the 
sacred boat, another a procession; and in the southern extremity 
were found several mouldering mummies laid one over the other 
in a recumbent position. Many of the bones were entire, and 
on one skull was part of its cloth covering inscribed with hiero- 
glyphics. The second which he examined had no paintings, but 
contained several fragments of statues—two of which » composing 
the entire body of a walking figure, almost the size of life, with 
the arms hanging down and resting on the thighs. Mr.Salt thinks 
this was intended as a portrait, the several parts of which were 
marked with a strict attention to nature, and coloured after life, 
having glass eyes or transparent stones to improve the resem- 
blance. A head was also discovered which Mr. Salt describes as 
a respectable specimen of art. Many of the fragments of granite 
and alabaster sculptures give a higher idea of Egyptian art than 
has 
