THE 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 

 AND JOURNAL: 



COMPREHENDING 



THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF SCIENCE, 

 THE LIBERAL AND FINE ARTS, 



GEOLOGY, 

 AGRICULTURE, 



MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE. 



BY ALEXANDER TILLOCH, 



M.R.I.A. M.G.S. M.R.A.S. Munich, F.S.A. Edin. and Perth, &c. 



" Nee aranearum sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee noster Tilior quk 

 «X alienis libamus ut apes." Just. Lips. Monit. Polit. lib. i. cap. 1. 



iitiY'.'.W'. i> \ 



VOL. LIV. 



For JULY, AdaUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, 

 and DECEMBER, 1819. 



L OND ON: 



PHINTED BY RICHARD AND ARTHUK TAYLOR, SHOE LANE: 

 And Bold by Cadell and Davif.s ; Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and 

 Brown; Highlet; Sherwood and Co.; Harding ; Under- 

 wood; Simpkin and Marshall, London: Constable 

 and Co. Edinhurj,'li: Brash and Rtm; Duncan; 

 and Pbnman, Glasgow: and Gilbert and 

 Hodges, Dublin. 



