4-lt) Notices respecting New Boo/iS. 



giants. From this ciicuinstaiice, it has been found possible to 

 conipiiic the population as taken at a particular period, with what 

 it ought to be, bv adding- to the preceding enumeration the 

 births, and subtracting the deaths, of" the intervening period, in 

 order to see whether the result approximates to the next emnnc- 

 ralion, which it does to within a wonderful degree of nearness. 

 In 54 years, from 1751 to 1805, a period of internal tranquillity, 

 the population increased from 2,229,6 li to 3,320,647, nearly 

 one half. 



How happens it then, that vvith no more births than tliose of 

 Sweden, North America, where the deaths are more numerous 

 in proportion to the births, has increased in pojmlation between 

 1790 and 1810, from 3,929,326 to 7,239,903, while Sweden, 

 in 54 years, oulv increased its population one half ? 



Mr. Godwin, with the assistance of a friend, Mr. David Booth, 

 has analysed tlie North American censuses, and cleared up this 

 mystery. 



The world believed too readilv the assertion of Mr. Malthus, 

 that the American increase was not owing to inunigration. Mr. 

 Booth lias proved, that it is owing almost entirely to immigration. 

 By tables he has shown with what amazing rapidity a population 

 is increased bv the annual influxof a comparatively small number 

 of picked propagators. He then analyses the censuses, and 

 shows how materially they differ from those of a regular society. 

 When enumerations are taken every ten years, it is obvious, ex- 

 clusive of imnngration, that in any particular census the persons 

 living above iO years of age must have all existed in the census 

 immediately preceding. In that of 1810, for instance, all above 

 ten formed part of the population of 1800, and are in reality the 

 same, except inasmuch as they are diminished by death. Now, 

 the white po])ulation of 1800 was 4,305,971. These in 1810 

 would, without immigration, have been, by the most favourable 

 laws that have hitherto been observed of human mortality, dimi- 

 nished by one fourth, leaving 3,200,000 alive. But the actual 

 census above ten years of age was 3,M45,3S9, giving a surplus 

 of 645,389, whicli can only be accounted for by immigration. 

 The census of 1810 contains also 2,016,704 children undei- ten 

 years. Part of these, too, as proceeding from immigrants, should 

 be added to the 64.j,3o9 ; and therefore, of the 1,556,122 per- 

 sons which the census of 1810 exhibits beyond that of 1 800, it is 

 clear that nearly one-half was added by direct immigration. In 

 an indigenous society there are nearly a fourth of its numbers 

 above forty-five years of age. From the continued immigration 

 into America, tiie higher nges bear no proportion to the rest. In 

 none of the United States is the number of persons above forty- 

 five'more than from 16 to 17 i)er cent, of the population, while in 



many 



