416 Dr. Kiilel on the Anatumy 



Physique) ; wlio seems to attribute to the cajca above described 

 the office of an hepatic organ, and calls them " vaisseatLv he- 

 patiques supeiieurcs" in contradistinction to another organ si- 

 tuated lower down in the intestines, and acknowledged by all 

 to be of an hepatic character. 



From the common base of the two caeca a very narrow but 

 powerfully muscular tube, which might with much propriety 

 be called the jejunum, passes onwaids for a very short space, 

 and terminates in a large intestine : this intestine, which is 

 eight or ten times the diameter of the jejunum, contracts very 

 gradually as it proceeds, till, near the extremity of the rectum, 

 it swells out very considerably. This large intestine is slightly 

 convoluted in its com'se, and is usually more or less distended 

 with a black pasty matter resembling soft clay. Among the 

 contents of the upper part of this large intestine were almost 

 invariably found from ten to twenty worms, of a white colour, 

 and of a shape resembling the Lnmbricus teres of the human 

 intestines, but thicker in proportion to their length, and nar- 

 rowing more suddenly towards their caudal extremity. In all 

 of these worms the common intestines were distinctly visible 

 through the integuments ; and in many of them were distinctly 

 visible also from ten to fifteen ova *. 



On opening and removing the contents of the upper portion 

 of the great intestine, four rows of minute bodies of a glan- 

 dular character f , and of nearly a black colour, are brought 

 into view % ; two of which rows originate from tlie very com- 

 mencement of the great intestine, and pass downwards through 

 more than half its course : exteriorly to these two rows are 

 two others, one on each side, which are parallel to the pre- 

 ceding, but originate at some distance from the commencement 

 of the intestine. Immediately below the termination of this 

 glandular apparatus is a small opening, very readily distin- 

 guishable on the inner surface of the intestine ; which is the 

 orifice of a cylindrical tube of a white colour, and of about the 

 size of a horse-hair. This tube, after having been traced a 

 short distance in a dii'ection towai'ds the gizzard, is lost in a mass 

 or brush of still smaller tubes of an exceedingly bright yellow 

 colour ; these tubes, which amount probably to 1 50 or 200 §, 



• Vide Plate II. fig. 9. 



•f The only doubt wliich I entertain as to the glandular character of these 

 bodies arises from a reliance on the authority of Cuvier, who says " that the 

 glands oi insects are in every instance nothing more than parcels of free 

 tubes floating in the interior of the bodj', and held together by the tracheffi." 

 Journ. dc P/ii/s. toni. xlix. p. ^44. J Vide Plate III. fig. !> a. 



§ Cuvier states in the Journal de Plii/siquc, torn. xlix. p. 346, that the 

 number of these tubes in the gryllotalpa amounts to many hundreds; but 

 I feel certain that he greatly overrates the number. 



are 



