THE 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 

 AND JOURNAL: 



COMPREHENDING 



THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF SCIENCE, 



THE LIBERAL AND FINE ARTS, 



AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, 



AND COMMERCE. 



Bv ALEXANDER TJLLOCH, LL.D. 



M.R.I.A. M.G.S. M.A.S. F.S.A. EDIN. AND PERTH ; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF 



THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MUNICH J AND OF THE ACADEMY 



OF SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND ARTS, LEGHORN, ETC. 



And RICHARD TAYLOR, F.L.S. 



MEMBER OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON ; AND OF THE ASIATIC 

 SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



" Nec aranearum sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee noster 

 TJlior quia ex alienis libamus ut apes." Just. Lips. Monit. Polit. lib. i. cap. 1. 



VOL. LXII. 



For JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, 

 and DECEMBER, 1823. 



LONDON: 



PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, SHOE-LANE: 



AND SOLD BY CADELL ; LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN j 



HIGHLEY; SHERWOOD AND CO.; BALDWIN AND CO.; HARDING; 



UNDERWOOD; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, LONDON; 



CONSTABLE AND CO. EDINBURGH X AND 



PLKMAN, GLASGOW. 



NLV/;,,) \'.'jy 



