the Natural Distribution of Insects and Fungi. 261 



now arrange Annulose Animals in the same way that M. Fries 

 has distributed his Fungi, when it will readily be seen as vir- 

 tually nothing else than the arrangement I offered to the public 

 in the Hora: Entomologicte. Thus, it is only necessary that 

 instead of subjecting Nature to arbitrary rules of our own in- 

 vention, we should humbly receive her laws as she clearly 

 proclaims them ; when she will indeed appear, as M. Fries 

 has found her to be^ " ubique varia, semper tamen eadem." 



Classijication o/' Annut-osa on the same Principles as those 

 adopted by M. Fries in his natural Distributioii of Fungi. 



Annulose Animals, which are not hermaphrodite : or the 

 Annulosa of Scaliger, may all be divided into two groups 

 founded on their larva or foetus state, viz. 



1. Apterous Insects, having either no metamorphosis in the 



usual sense of the word, or only that kind of it the 

 tendency of which is confined to an increase in the 

 number of feet. 

 These are the Aptera of Linnaeus, and comprehend 

 three classes, viz. Crustacea, Arachnida, and Ametabola, 

 which would be termed Radii by M. Fries. 



2. Tnie Insects, being all subject to that kind of metamorphosis 



which has a tendency to give wings to the perfect or 

 imago state, but never more than six feet. 

 These are the Ptilota of Aristotle, and should, accord- 

 m(f to M. Fries, be termed the Centrtim of Annulose 



an indirect one ; and if he had paid that attention to Entomology which 

 the science really merits, so acute a botanist could not have failed to per- 

 ceive, that the arguments he gives in support of this last analog^-, only re- 

 ceive their full force when they are employed in the comparison of Mono- 

 cotyledonous Plants with Insects. Thus, in the same page, he states aeri- 

 ferous cells to be peculiar to Birds in the animal kingdom, evidently not 

 aware that many more animals than are in the whole department of Verte- 

 brata would have no means of getting their fluids aerated did not the air 

 enter their bodies and penetrate through every part of them. But on this 

 head Dcsfontaines long since set the scientific world at rest, when he esta- 

 blished the relation of Dicotyledonous Plants to Vertebrata, and of Mono- 

 cotyledonous Plants to Annnlusa, not on external appearance merely, but 

 on such primary princii)les of their respective structures, that we may al- 

 most term the former tribe of plants Vertebrated, and the latter Annulose. 

 It would scarcely be fair iiowever towards M. Agardh, did we conceal the 

 fact of his being perfectly aware of the analogies which reign both between 

 the Dicotyledonous Plants and the typical group of Vertebrata, and be- 

 tween the Funni and lind'uita. With respect to this last analogy, indeed, 

 the following words arc perhaps more explicit than those previously pub- 

 lished, p. 2il of the llorte Enlomologica: — " Kungi superiores animalia 

 Radiata ob figuram radiantem, ob supcrficiem nudam, ob tcxturam laxam, 

 ob colorem subiimilcm non mule revocant." 



Animals. 



