98 Sir H. Davy’s further Researches 
highly satisfactory, though made under very unfavourable cir- 
cumstances. 
The only two instances of vessels which have been recently 
coppered, and which have made voyages furnished with pro- 
tectors, that I have had an opportunity of examining, are the - 
Elizabeth yacht, belonging to the Earl of Darnley, and the 
Carnebrea Castle, an Indiaman, belonging to Messrs. Wig- 
ram. The yacht was protected by about 1-125th part of 
malleable iron placed in two masses in the stern. She had 
been occasionally employed in sailing, and had been some- 
times in harbour, during six months. When I saw her in 
November she was perfectly clean, and the copper apparently 
untouched. Lord Darnley informed me that there never had 
been the slightest adhesion of either weed or shell-fish to her 
copper, but that a few small barnacles had once appeared on 
the loose oxide of iron in the neighbourhood of the protectors, 
which however were immediately and easily washed off. The 
Carnebrea Castle, a large vessel of upwards of 650 tons, was 
furnished with four protectors, two on the stern and two on 
the bow, equal together to about 1-104th of the surface of the 
copper. She had been protected more than twelve months, 
and had made the voyage to Calcutta and back. She came 
into the river perfectly bright; and when examined in the dry 
dock was found entirely free from any adhesion, and offered 
a beautiful and almost polished surface ; and there seemed to 
be no greater wear of copper than could be accounted for 
from mechanical causes. 
Had these vessels been at rest, I have no doubt there would 
have been adhesions, at least in Portsmouth or Sheerness 
harbours, where the water is constantly muddy, and where 
the smallest irregularity or roughness of surface, from either 
wear, or the deposition of calcareous matter, or the formation 
of oxides or carbonates, enables the solid matter floating in the 
water to rest. There is a ship, the Howe, one of the largest 
in the navy, now lying at Sheerness, which was protected by 
a quantity of cast iron judged sufficient to save all her copper, 
nearly fifteen months ago. She has not been examined ; but 
I expect and hope that the bottom will be covered with ad- 
hesions, which must be the case if her copper is not corroded : 
but notwithstanding this, whenever she is wanted for sea, it 
will only be necessary to put her into dock for a day or two, 
scrape her copper, and wash it with a small quantity of acidu- 
lous water, and she will be in the same state as if newly cop- 
pered. 
At Liverpool, as Iam informed, several ships have been 
protected, 
