of the Gulf-stream in Europe, in 1822. 335 
founded on his extensive inquiries ; the last. column shows the 
excess or defect in the temperature observed in the Iphigenia’s 
passage. 
Latit. \Longit.| Surface Water. | Excess 
N. | W Pe 
! 
[SRST Fy a aay: 
QObserved.| Usual. | Defect. 
- |S 
1822. 5 i o s] © ° ° 
Jan. 5'47 30| 7 30| 47 | 49 56 | ae] 
Pech 644 20) 9 30] 52:5| 55°7 | 52:5 | 43-9 
a 7/41 29/11 37; 54 | 582 | 54 | beg 
Madeira 8'38 54/13 20) 54°2| 617 | 55°7 | 46 
; 9} no observ. | 56 63 58 +5 
1033 40/15 30) 60°7| 64 60 | +4 
1926 00|17 50 66 | 65:5 | 67 | —1°5 
Madeira [ 2024 30|18 50, 68 | 67- | 68-4 | —1+4 
tothe 4 2123 06/20 00) 69 | 69 69°35 | —0°5 
C.Verds. 22/21 02/21 27| 69°5| 69°5 | 71:2 | —1°7 
2319 20|23 00) 70°6 | 70°2 | 71°6 | —1*4 
It is seen by the preceding memorandum, that in the pas- 
sage from Plymouth to Madeira, the Iphigenia found the tem- 
perature of the sea, between the parallels of 443° and 332°, 
several degrees warmer than its usual temperature in the same 
season; namely, 3°:2 in 443°, increasing to 6° in 39°, and 
again diminishing to 4° in 333°; whilst at the same period, the 
general temperature of the ocean in the adjoining parallels, 
both to the northward and to the southward, even as far as 
the Cape Verd Islands in 193°, was colder by a degree and 
upwards than the usual average. ‘The evidence of many care- 
ful observers at different seasons and in different years, whose 
observations have been collected and compared by Major 
Rennell, has satisfactorily shown, that the water of the Gulf- 
stream, distinguished by the high temperature which it brings 
from its origin in the Gulf of Mexico, is not usually found to 
extend to the eastward of the Azores. Vessels navigating the 
ocean between the Azores and the continent of Europe, find 
at all seasons a temperature progressively increasing as they 
approach the sun; the absolute amount varies according to 
the season, the maximum in summer being about 14 degrees 
warmer than the maximum in winter; but the progression in 
respect to latitude is regular, and is nearly the same in winter 
as in summer, being an increase of 3° of Fahrenheit for every 
5° of latitude. It is further observed, that the ordinary con- 
dition of the temperature, in the part of the ocean under no- 
- tice, is little subject to disturbance, and that in any particular 
parallel 
