Mount Elborus. — Earth of the Cave of KiiJiloch. 305 



a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate of soda, altogetlier i-e- 

 sembling the trona of the Natron-lakes of Africa, analysed by 

 Klaproth. These travellers have also communicated to Messrs. 

 Humboldt and Arago, not only two tables of longitudes, but 

 also all the details of astronomical observations (horary angles, 

 circum-meridian heights of the stars and the sun, immersions 

 and emersions of the satellites of Jupiter) from which the re- 

 sults have been deduced. The astronomical observations of 

 M. Rivero and his associates rectify a part of the geography 

 of South America, no point of which had hitherto been deter- 

 mined with precision: namel}', 1st, the country comprehended 

 between the Sierra Nevada of Merida, and the lake of Mara- 

 eaybo and Bogota ; 2nd, the course of the Rio Meta, which 

 unites the series of positions of the Oroonoko with that of the 

 Andes of New Grenada, and of the Rio Magdalena. — Rev. 

 Ency. Feb. 1825. 



HEIGHT OF MOUNT ELBORUS. 



The Elborus, Elburu^;, Elbruz, Elburz, or Alburz, is some- 

 times called by the natives the 8hat, or Shach-Gora ; but, ac- 

 cording to Pallas, the Circassians call it OsJia Mashiia, or the 

 Happy Mountain ; and the Akases, Orfi Ipguh. 



The Elborus is the loftiest mountain of the Caucasus, and 

 one of the highest on the globe : it shows two conical summits^ 

 one much higher than the other. According to Pallas, this 

 mountain yields in nothing to Mont Blanc in Switzerland. 

 It was measured, some years ago, by Colonel Boutsovskii, who 

 estimated its height at 16,700 Parisian, or 17,785 English feet, 

 above the level of the sea. If this statement be correct. Mount 

 Elborus exceeds Mount Blanc (which is only 15,630) in height 

 more than 2000 feet. — Travels in Russia hy R.Lyall, M.D. S^c. 



ANALYSIS OF THE ANIMAL EARTH OF THE CAVE OF KUHLOCH. 



In our sixty-second volume, p. 112, we gave Professor 

 Buckland's account of the remarkable accumulation of the 

 exuviae of bears in the cave of Kiihloch in Franconia. That 

 geologist having transmitted to M. Chevreul for analysis two 

 specimens of the black earth forming the soil of the cavern, 

 taken at difterent depths, we extract the following particulars 

 from M. Chevreul's memoir on the subject, just published in 

 tlie Annals of Philosophy. 



Mr. Buckland transmitted to me through Mr. Underwood 

 two s])eciniens of the soil of the cavern ot Kiihloch taken at 

 different depths, in order that I might analyse them. Thiscavern 

 contains a great number of ibssil bones, belonging to carnivo- 



Vol.65. No. 324. y//jW/ 1825. Q q rous 



