306 Ear 111 of the Cave of KuJiloch. 



rous and herbivorous animals, which Mr. Buckland conceives 

 were not transported by water into the situation in wliich they 

 are now seen, but that the Kiihloch cavern was the haunt of 

 carnivoi'ous animals which died there; and their fossil bones are 

 now found in a state of greater or less decay according to the 

 degree of exposure to the atmosphere that they have undergone. 



The letter A denotes a specimen of the soil taken at the 

 depth of two feet, B one at six feet below the surface. 



Both the specimens are, in great measure, in a pulverulent 

 state, containing small masses which easily crumble to pieces ; 

 their colour is orange brown, pretty much like that of some bog 

 iron ores [mines defer Jnjdrateeslimoneuses). The colour resides 

 principally in the finest particles, as is evident if we agitate the 

 specimens in water, and decant the fluid before it has become 

 clear ; the pulverulent particles remain suspended, while a gra- 

 nular sandy matter subsides of a yellowish gray colour; when a 

 depsosit has formed from the muddy water which had been 

 decanted off, it is found to have a fine orange yellow colour. 

 The specimen A contains a smaller proportion of pulverulent 

 pai'ticles than B, and is also less coloured. 



Previous trials having shown that the matter soluble in water 

 was in part alterable by the action of heat, like organic sub- 

 stances, I submitted both specimens to two series of experi- 

 ments, to determine first the nature of the substances indestruc- 

 tible by heat, and secondly that of the matter destructible by 

 that agent. 



The results of the fii'st series of experiments were as follows : 



A. Grammes. B. Grammes. 



Water, and matter volatile at Water, and matter volatile at 



250° 0185 250° 0-215 



Matter volatilized by combus- Matter volatilized b}' combus- 

 tion and a red heat . . 0'165 tion and a red heat . . 0'200 

 o , rSilica .... 0-159 <. i f Silica . . . .0-185 

 ^^'J'^y J Alumina .... 0-026 ^•^'?^'^ J Alumina .... 0-040 

 \'^*'" 1 Peroxide of iron .0 01.3 '"f"' 1 Peroxide of iron . OOl."? 



'•""'" LLime .... 0005 ''""'" LLime 0-002 



Phosphates of lime > Phosphates of lime 



— magnesia^ . .0505 iron ? t • <^<535 



iron? S «\ 



■' manganese/ j 



Carbonate of lime .... 0-624 Carbonate of lime .... 0-459 



magnesia . . 0-268 magnesia . . 0-124 



Sulphate of lime . . . .0-024 Sulphate of lime . . . .0027 



Silica 0-020 



1-974 1-920 



Loss 0-026 Loss 80 



2000 2-000 



L The 



