124- Analyses of a Series of Papers, by Mr. C. Bell, 



and sends branches to the larynx in company with the 

 branches of the par vagum. 



The author next proceeds to take a comparative view of 

 these nerves, and shows that they accommodate themselves to 

 the form and play of the organs of respiration, under all their 

 modifications, as presented by various animals, birds, and 

 fishes; whence he very justly forms a conclusion that they are 

 all respiratory nerves, even though they may be found to vary 

 in their course of distribution. A remarkable example of 

 which is afforded by the nerves of the neck in birds. In them 

 the bill precludes the necessity of the portio dura going for- 

 ward to the nostrils and lips ; the nerve turns backwards, and 

 is given to the neck and throat ; and it is particularly worthy 

 of remark, that the action of raising the feathers of the neck, 

 as when the game cock is facing his opponent, is taken away 

 by the division of this nerve. 



The Functions of these Nerves further illustrated. 



The lower extremity of the mastoid muscle being fixed 

 when we move the head, and the reverse being the case when 

 we employ it in inspiration, render it evident to every one 

 that it has two motions. The same is confirmed by attending 

 to the actions of snuffing and smelling, as, by placing the fin- 

 gers on the portions of the mastoid muscles which are attached 

 to the sternum, we shall find every little motion of the nostrils 

 accompanied with corresponding actions of the sternal por- 

 tions of the muscles in the neck. 



A man having complete hemiplegia, the side of his face 

 relaxed, the arm hanging down powerless, and the leg dragged 

 in walking, we were curious to know if the influence (or rather 

 the want of it) pervaded all the nerves of the side, or only the 

 regular or voluntary nerves. Some trouble was taken to make 

 him heave up the shoulder of the debilitated side ; but to no 

 purpose, He could only do it by bending the spine to the other 

 side, and as it were weighing up the paralytic shoulder. But 

 on setting him fairly in front, and asking him to make a full 

 inspiration, both shoulders were elevated at the same time 

 that both the nostrils were in motion. The respiratory nerve 

 of the face, and the superior respiratory nerve, were entire 

 in their office; and, although the regular system of nerves 

 refused acting, the sterno-mastoideus and the trapezius partook 

 of their share in the act of respiration. 



The mastoid muscle being supplied with both sets of nerves, 

 that is to say, voluntary and respiratory, the former would 

 appear to join in producing the voluntary motion of the head, 



and 



