446 Analyses of a Series of Papers, by Mr. C. Bell, 



bered according to the method of Willis, an arrangement 

 which was made in ignorance of the distinct functions of the 

 nerves, and merely in correspondence with the order of suc- 

 cession in which they appear on dissection. 



"The first nerve is provided with a sensibility to effluvia, and 

 is properly called olfactory nerve. 



" The second is the optic nerve, and all impressions upon it 

 excite only sensations of light. 



"The third nerve goes to the muscles of the eye solely, and 

 is a voluntary nerve by which the eye is directed to objects. 



"The fourth nerve performs the insensible traversing mo- 

 tions of the eyeball. It combines the motions of the eyeball 

 and eyelids, and connects the eye with the respiratory system. 



"The fifth is the universal nerve of sensation to the head and 

 face, to the skin, to the surfaces of the eye, the cavities of the 

 nose, the mouth, and tongue*. 



" The sixth nerve is a muscular and voluntary nerve of the 

 eye. 



" The seventh is the auditory nerve, and the division of it, 

 called portio dura, is the motor nerve of the face and eyelids, 

 and the respiratory nerve, and that on which the expression 

 of the face depends. 



"The eighth and the accessory nerve are respiratory nerves. 



"The ninth nerve is the motor of the tongue. 



" The tenth is the first of the spinal nerves ; it has a double 

 root and a double office ; it is both a muscular and a sensitive 

 nerve. 



" Had I taken the nerves of any other complex organ rather 

 than of the eye, I should have had an easier task. If I had 

 taken the nerves of the tongue, I should have been able to 

 prove by experiment, and in a manner the most direct, that 

 the three nerves belong to three distinct functions, and stand 

 related to three different classes of parts. I could have shown 

 that taste and sensibility belong to the office of the fifth nerve, 

 voluntary motion to the ninth, and deglutition to the glosso- 

 pharyngeal nerve of the tongue. 



" In concluding these papers, I hope I may be permitted to 



* " In this view of the fifth nerve, I have not touched upon its resemblance 

 to the spinal nerves. But if we had ascended from the consideration of the 

 spinal nerves to the nerves of the head, we should then have seen that the 

 fifth was the spinal nerve of the head; that it had a ganglion at its root, a 

 double origin, and from its power over the muscles of the jaws ami masti- 

 cation, that it was a double nerve in function, being that nerve which be- 

 stows sensibility, at the same time that it sends branches to the original 

 muscles ; that is to say, to that class of muscles which are common to ani- 

 mals in every gradation. In all these respects it resembles the spinal nerves." 



offer 



