Ii6 Mr. Hattdkeis improved Capslans. 



hoop-wheels on the drumhead and pallhead, with. a winch in 

 midships, which is to turn these segments round the spindle, 

 or the spindle with them. 



To prevent the shock occasioned by the surge of the ropes 

 (all other capstans are liable to) from having play between the 

 deck and pallhead, there are rollers fixed in sockets at the in- 

 side of the pallrim, which rim is so constructed as to keep the 

 capstan always palled ; and those sections which make the 

 barrel, whelps, pallhead, and drumhead, are suspended to the 

 upper part of the spindle in a turned groove, being square ex- 

 cepting at that place, and resting on the live rollers within the 

 pallrim, bearing on the upper part of the hoop let over the 

 spindle at the deck, so that on the slightest strain they be- 

 come a diagonal shore to the support of the spindle. 



As the drumhead and pallhead of these capstans, either of 

 wood or iron, need not be more than half the thickness of 

 other capstans, it allows room for two powers on the same 

 barrel, so that two ropes can be worked at the same time with- 

 out interfering with each other ; and ships that have double 

 capstans, one on each deck, the upper part of the upper cap- 

 stan is made to work independent of the other part, by dividing 

 the segments a little above the middle, making the division 

 between the two powers, the pallhead and pallrim, to the 

 upper power ; this will allow of four hawsers being worked at 

 the same time, without the least confusion with each other, 

 and must present a great advantage in case of ships getting on 

 shore, or requiring an additional purchase, as both capstans 

 can be applied to one object. 



The spindle of the upper capstan is securely fixed into the 

 spindle of the lower one, so that the upper capstan can be re- 

 moved on getting clear of harbour : as this capstan is only used 

 on the old principle for transporting the ship and for turning 

 the capstan below, while the lower capstan on this principle is 

 turned with a winch in midships, independently of the upper 

 capstan, the winch is made to work the hand and chain pumps 

 at the same time if found necessary. 



The horizontal capstans are effectually secured with three 

 (unless the capstan is wanted to be in the wake of the mast), 

 then four, iron pallbits, secured to the upper deck (to prevent 

 partaking of the contrary working of the deck below) with 

 iron knees before and abaft, let through carlings let up from 

 the under part of the beams, and toggled on plates to the 

 under part of those carlings, which are firmly attached to three 

 beams : those bits so secured receive the spindle, which is the 

 whole length of the capstan, and will turn on sockets fixed to 

 the pallbits : from three to six segments of circles are bolted 



sideways 



