150 Meteorological Summary fur 1S23. — Lancashire. 



Mean annual temperature 48°*7, which is three degrees 

 colder than the annual mean of 1822, but about an average 

 mean of a series of years : the mean of the first three months 

 38°*7; second 52°*1 ; third 57°'9 ; fourth 46°*1 : of the six 

 winter months 45°*1 ; six summer months 54!°'5. The highest 

 state of temperature, which may be recognised hi the above 

 Table, was 71° ; it took place on the 31st of May, and 20th 

 of July : and the lowest 15° on the 19th of January : variation 

 of these extremes 56°. 



Mean annual barometrical pressure 29*67 inches; highest 

 30*40 occurred on the 10th of November; lowest 28*60 on the 

 4th of December : variation of the extremes 1*80 inches. Mean 

 of the six summer months 29*73 ; of the six winter months 

 29*66. Spaces described by the courses formed from the mean 

 daily pressure 49^ inches; number of changes 117. Prevail- 

 ing winds as usual, south-west and west. 



January was particularly remarkable for a severe frost. An 

 average mean temperature of the highest extreme from the 

 11th to the 22d was 33°*7; and the mean of the lowest ex- 

 treme for the same period 27°*3 : the coldest state was on the 

 19th; there was a fog at the time, and the barometer rose 

 during the day about 18 hundredths of an inch. The ther- 

 mometer in the morning indicated the cold of 15° — that is, 

 17° under freezing : in the course of the day the temperature 

 rose to 27°. The wind blew a gentle breeze from the north 

 and north-east, the barometer gradually fell from the 11th to 

 the 19th, and became stationary about the very low tempera- 

 ture, when it began to rise. The ground, for the most part 

 of the month, was clothed with snow, and rivers and canals 

 frozen over. My friend's thermometer at Crumps&ll indicated 

 a cold of 1 3° on the morning of the 1 9th ; the mean of the 

 two extremes on that day in town was 21° ; in the country 

 probably 19°: mean of the means of the two extremes of the 

 above twelve days 30°*5. A gentleman (Mr. Buchann) in the 

 neighbourhood of Ardwick noticed the thermometer on the 

 morning of the 19th to be 13°, the same as at Crumpsall. 

 On the 23d and 3 following days the wind blew strong from 

 the S.-E. There was a general breaking-up of the frost on 

 the 27th ; the mean daily temperature got up to 45°, and the 

 wind changed to south-west. 



February was noticed for almost daily falls of rain, snow, 

 sleet, or hail ; and sometimes all at once. The temperature 

 fluctuated from 27° to 50°. Strong winds from the S.-W., 

 on the 1st, 1 1th, 12th and 22d : on the 23d the wind was very 

 strong from the south-east; and during the night and following 

 day blew a hurricane. Barometer for the most part low. 



March 



