The Golden Pippin. 229 
‘of the smut insect becoming addled, or rendered effete, when kept 
beyond the season assigned by nature for their procreation or re- 
‘production : hence old wheat seed is less liable to produce smut 
than new wheat; but this depends in some measure upon the 
manner in which the old wheat had been kept ; if in stacks, the 
insects’ eggs will not have been entirely destroyed, because of the 
air having been excluded from those situated in the middle of 
“the stack ; but in the event of the wheat being thrashed out a 
considerable time previously, the eggs will have become addled, 
‘from exposure to the air. The same position holds good in regard 
‘to the eggs of other insects, reptiles, or birds : one law of Nature 
rules the whole; and it even extends to the germ of vegetables, 
for we see that old wheat seed kept in stacks vegetates better 
than when kept in granaries. ‘This explanation will sufficiently 
‘account for the contrariety of opinion respecting the eligibility of 
‘using old wheat for seed, whether for producing a full crop of 
wheat, or as a prevention “of smut.”’—Baker’s Treatise. 
THE GOLDEN PIPPIN. 
Mr. Phillips of Bayswater, who has lately written an historical 
-account of Fruits, has furnished us with some further account of 
that elegant and excellent little English apple the Golden Pippin, 
-and which we hope will so satisfactorily prove the error of this 
variety’s being lost through sympathy with the parent tree, that 
-it may induce the planters of orchards to return to a cultivation 
of this favourite apple that produces a cider, which Mr. Phillips 
-tells us surpasses in richness of flavour even ‘ the gay Cham- _ 
-paigne.” 
Mr. Phillips seems not to have confined his inquiries to this 
‘country alone as to the correctness of the theory, which had so 
far gained credit as nearly to banish this favourite apple from our 
‘gardens. He tells us that there are at this time a considerable 
number of the. true golden pippin trees growing on the mountains 
in Madeira, about 14 miles from the capital of that island, and 
at an elevation of about 3000 feet above the sea, which regularly 
‘produce abundance of fruit, notwithstanding the trunks and 
‘branches are covered with a white lichen or moss. Grafts which 
were sent from these trees by ‘Thomas Harrison, Esq. about three 
‘years ago, produced fruit at Cheshunt in Hertfordshire the second 
‘year, and proved to be the original golden pippin. 
In several parts of America these trees are in a thriving state, 
which has been proved by the excellent quality of the fr uit lately 
‘sent to this country. In addition to which he tells us he saw, 
‘notwithstanding the late unfavourable season, many trees of this 
variety in Sussex, as healthy in appearance as most other kinds 
of apples, particularly in the garden of Messrs. Humphreys, at 
Chichester. 
