THE 



PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE 

 AND JOURNAL: 



COMPREHENDING 



THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF SCIENCE, 

 THE LIBERAL AND FINE ARTS, 



AGRICULTURE, MANUFACTURES, 

 AND COMMERCE. 



Bv ALEXANDER TILLOCH, LL.D. 



H.n.I.A. M.G.S. M.A.S. F.S.A. EDIN. AND PEUTH ; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF 



THE noYAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MUNICH ; AND OF THE ACADEMY 



or SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND ARTS, LEGHORN, &C. «S:C. &C. 



And RICHARD TAYLOR, F.L.S, 



1^ 'U. 



" Nee arancarum sane textus ideo melior quia ex se fila gignunt, nee noster 

 vilior quia ex alienis libaums ut apes." Just. Lips. MunU. Folit. lib. i. cap. ;. 



VOL. LX. 



For JL'I y AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, 

 and DECEMBER, 1822. 



LONDON: 



PRINTED BY RICHARD AND ARTHUR TAYI.OR, SHO-E-tA 



AKD 601 D BY CAD<:LL; LONGMAN, HURST, REF.S, ORME, AND BROWN, 



HGHL.Y I SHERWOOD AND CO.; HARDING; UNDERWOOD; S.MPK.N 



AND MARSHALL, LONDON: CONSTABLE ail.l CO. EDIN- 



IIIRGH : AND PENMAN, GLASGOW. 



