Questions addressed to Naturalists. 225 
Opposition to the immutable laws of nature, which has a con- 
stant tendency to destruction. 
«© M. Tedenat is carrying these treasures of antiquity to Paris, 
and will speedily. return to Egypt. The Academy of Marseilles 
has admitted him into the number of its correspondents,”— 
Journal des Debats. 
FURTHER DISCOVERIES IN EGYPT. 
Letters have been received from M. Caillaud, who is now tra- 
velling through Egypt and the neighbouring countries, by order 
of the French Government. They are dated from Dongolah, 
January 14, 1821. Beyond Wadi-Halfa, the seat of the second 
cataract, he made some discoveries, which extend stiil further 
the domain of Egyptian Antiquities, Not far from Dongolah, 
the capital of Upper Nubia, about one hundred leagues above the 
town of Syene, there exists a large Egyptian monument, which 
will bear a comparison with one of those of the city of Thebes, 
Its length is more than three hundred feet, and it contains ninety 
columns upwards of thirty feet high. Every part of the monu- _ 
ment is covered with hieroglyphies and bas-reliefs ; the majority 
of the subjects represent the images which continually occur on 
the edifices of Egypt—oblations, religious objects, the march of 
prisoners, &c.’ Besides figures of the Egyptian character, M. 
Caillaud remarks among the personages, here and there, the 
physiognomy of the black race, and occasionally that of the Cir- 
cassian race. The place where these beautiful ruins are situated 
is called Selib or Therbe. ‘The remains of the monument have 
been measured, described, and sketched by this traveller, Six 
other Egyptian ruins, not so considerable, have been discovered 
en the banks of the Nile, between the second cataract and Don- 
golah; in neither of them have Greek inscriptions been found, 
or any thing which denotes the residence of the Greeks or Ro- 
maus. It is remarkable that these monuments are not in such 
good preservation as those of Lower Arabia or of Egypt. This is 
to be attributed to the almost constant rains which fall in this 
latitude, as well as to the perishable nature of the free-stone with 
which they are built. 
QUESTIONS ADDRESSED TO NATURALISTS, 
{From a German Paper. ]} 
The analysis of the earth shows, that it consists of the five fol- 
lowing kinds :—1. Calcareous earth ;—2. Quartz ;—3. Clay ;— 
4, Magnesia ;—and 5. Vegetable mould*. It is affirmed, that re- 
* Kalkerde, Kieselerde, Thonerde, Bittererde, and Dammerde. 
Vol, 58, No, 281, Sept, 1821, Ff peated 
