Mr. R. C. Taylor on the Geology of East NoifolL 279 



anonum, appear to have been the principal frontier posts ; and 

 the names and situations of Wheatacre Burgh, Happisburgh, 

 Smalburgh, and another Burgh in West Flegg, seem to refer 

 all these places to a similar origin*. 



A dissertation follows on the etymology of the Garienis. 

 Mr. Robberds judiciously maintains, that there are no traces 

 of a Latin origin in the term, as applied either to the indivi- 

 dual river now exclusively bearing the name of Yare, or to 

 the several openings by which this large inlet is connected 

 with the sea ; the most probable origin of the Garienis being 

 the Celtic Garu, and thence Garu-an (the rough river). In 

 addition to the instances of the Yarrow and the Garonne, re- 

 cited to prove the prevalence of this name, as applied to rivers 

 in different countries, and under various modifications of lan- 

 guage, may be mentioned the names of two mountain streams, 

 the Garw and the Garan, in Glamorganshire. 



In the etymology of the names given by the Saxons to 

 many parts of this district, Mr. Robberds perceives further 

 proofs of the state in which they found it on their arrival. 

 The insulated plots of rising ground, interspersed in the wide 

 part of the valley of the Bure, are still called Holms, the 

 Anglo-Saxon term signifying islands. " It is remarkable that 

 the names of nearly all the villages in the Flegg hundreds ter- 

 minate in by, which Mr. Robberds conjectures may be de- 

 rived from the word bight or bay. When the valleys were 

 filled with water, the marginal indentations and recesses would 

 present the appearance of bays, and these sheltered coves 

 would naturally be selected, by maritime adventurers like the 

 Saxons, as the first places on which to fix their abodes. The 

 villages having this termination are all situated adjoining these 

 bightsf. 



At Kirkley, ten miles south of Yarmouth, was the ancient 

 haven and inlet of the sea, communicating through Lake Lo- 

 thing and Oulton Broad, with the wide valleys of the Wave- 



• Mr. Robberds is inclined, on considering the position of ^^^leatacre 

 Burgh, to designate it the Garianomun of the Romans. Hitherto, but from 

 its name, there has not arisen the sh'ghtest circumstance indicative of a 

 station of so mucli importance at this point. There are no traces of Ro- 

 man works, nor does the site command the main entrance from the sea. 



t In [)rocessoftime, Mr. Robbcnls conceives, the by became synonymous 

 with dwelling: wliich may account ("or the exceptions to the rule. There are 

 six or seven of these unconformable localities in Norfolk and Suffolk, far 

 removed from sea, marsh, or lowvalley. The numerous small bays in Lake 

 Lothing, Oulton and other Breads, arc provincially called //c//».v. Of the 

 forty parislies wliich skirt the edges of the marshes between Norwich and 

 the sea at Kirkley, a district abounding in similar interior bays, one parish 

 only terminates in by, four in ley, six in ham, and sixteen in /o«. 



ney 



