Mr. Lubbock on the Census. 4 17 



which obtains in the given country, and the rate of increase, 

 are known ; and we have this equation of condition, which 

 enables us to check the accuracy of the results. 



Births Deaths . c • i 



-~ — —r- — -zz — ,—. — = rate ot nicrease —1. 



1 opulation Population 



According to the Population Report 1821, the baptisms in 

 England in 1820 were 328,230, and their mean annual rate 

 of increase 1-0149; this would give 332,820 for the baptisms 

 in 1821, and adding 20,696 for the unentered baptisms, ac- 

 cording to Mr, Rickman, we have 353,516 for the births in 

 1821. The burials in 1820, according to the same Report, 

 were 1 98,634 ; supposing their mean annual rate of increase to 

 have been also 1-0140, we have 201,410 for the burials in 

 1821, and adding 8770, according to Mr. Rickman, for the 

 unentered burials, we have 210,180 for the deaths in 1821. 

 The population of England according to the census of 1821 

 was 11,261,437. 



353,516 1 



11,261,437 31-854 



210,180 1 



= -031392. 

 = -018664 



11,261,437 ~ 53-576 



•031392 - -018664 = -012728. 



But the population, according to the census, of 1811 was 

 9,538,827, which gives the annual rate of increase = 1-0167 

 instead of 1-0127, as given above. This error is not consider- 

 able; it must be recollected that the equation of line 4 is only 

 rigorously true for the actual rate of increase in 1821. 



The small proportion of births and deaths to the population 

 is very remarkable. I have found by calculation that in a popu- 

 lation, of which the annual rate of increase is 1-015, according 

 to a table of mortality which I deduced from Dr. Haygarth's 

 observations at Chester, and which is published in the last 

 volume of the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosojohical 



Society *, the ratio of the births to the population is ^^.^^q » and 



the ratio of the deaths to the population -^r^. • 



I have found the same ratios, according to Mr. Milne's 



Carlisle Table, to be — ^ and --^. In fact, these tables of 



25-054 4oo»5 



mortality agree very closely; and no table of mortality would 

 give results approaching to — and — . 



* On the Compai-ison of various Tables of Annuities : Table Vil. 

 N. S. Vol. 7. No. 42. June 1 830. 3 H I" 



