the Revolutions isohick Jiave taken place on the Globe. ^55 



comprises, with few exceptions, nearly the whole tertiary de- 

 posits of the South of France and Switzerland, and especially 

 the lignite deposits, such as those of Fureau [Bouches duRhone)^ 

 and Koepfnach (Switzerland). The gi-es de FuntainebleaUj 

 resting on the marls of the gypseous formation, is the lowest 

 portion of this series, in the same manner that the lias sand- 

 stone, resting on the variegated marls {maiiies irisees), is the 

 lowest portion of the oolitic series. The former is to the ter- 

 tiary arkose of Auvergne, what the latter is to the Jurassic 

 arkose of Avallon. The two tertiary series are not less di- 

 stinguished by the remains of the large animals which they 

 contain, than by their mode of occurrence. Certain species 

 oi Anoplotherhim and Palceotherium discovered atMontmartre, 

 characterize the former, whilst other species of Palceothcriuvi 

 and nearly all the species of the genus Lophiodon, the whole 

 genus Anthracotheriiim, and the more ancient species of the 

 genera Mastodo?i, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Castor, &c., cha- 

 racterize the latter. 



The line of demarcation existing between the first and se- 

 cond of these tertiary series would appear to correspond with 

 the elevation of the system of mountains under consideration, 

 the predominant direction of which is from north to south. 

 The beds of the second series are, in fact, those which alone 

 mark out the boundaries of the mountains. 



Among the dislocations with a north and south direction, 

 we find the chains wliich border the high valleys of the Loire 

 and AUier, in a similar line of bearing to which are the vol- 

 canic masses of the Dome mountains, and at the bottoms of 

 which the fresh- water rocks of Limagne, of Auvergne, and 

 of the high valley of the Loire have been accumulated. The 

 valley of the Rhone which, quitting Lyon, also runs in a north 

 and south direction, is in like manner filled up to a certain 

 level by a tertiary deposit, the inferior beds of which, analo- 

 gous to those of Auvergne, are also of fresh-water origin, 

 while the upper beds are marine, and in a great measure cor- 

 respond with the fahlwis of Touraine. 



The same direction is observable in the islands of Corsica 

 and Sardinia, in many valleys and small chains of the Apen- 

 nines and of Ystria, in the disposition of many volcanic masses 

 and metalliferous sites of Hungary, and the chain which, 

 commencing in the middle of Servia with the Caponi, is 

 prolonged, parallel to the meridian between Macedonia and 

 Tliessaly on tiie one side, and Albania on the other, bordering 

 the valleys of the Drino and the Aria on the east. 



It is worthy of remark, that the directions ol the system of 

 the Pilas and the Cole d'Or, of the system of tiie Pyrenees, 



and 



