v^ 



Adipose eyelids present, each co\-ering about I of the diameter 

 of the eye. Lower jaw scarcely projecting beyond upper, 

 equal when completely closed. Maxillary extends to anterior 

 third of eye. Lower branch of the outer branchial arch long, 

 nearly straight, with about 115 gill-rakers, the longest of which 

 is slightly longer than the diameter of the eye and slightly 

 less than the length of snout. 



Scales of the upper part of tlie body in front of doisal striated 

 and ciliated, those of the sides and belly smooth and slightly 

 ciliated. They are regularly arranged and loose. Abdominal 

 scutes in front (19) and behind (12) ventrals. Two of the 

 anterior are in front of pectorals. About 54 scales in a longi- 

 tudinal and 12 in a trans\-erse row. Teeth absent in jaw^s 

 and palate and tongue, which howe\'er has a sharp, rough, 

 bony ridge. 



Dorsal III 16, a little in front of middle of body, the distance 

 between tip of snout and beginning of dorsal being 2 J in total 

 length. The longest rav a little more than the length of the 



Cliipcii siigiix. The Cape Hciriiii 



Sardine 



head and equal to the length of its base. Anal III 15. Be- 

 ginning of ventral below^ posterior part of base of dorsal, its 

 longest ray if in head. The length of pectoral is ~h its distance 

 from the ventral. 



The colour of the lish when alive and obser\'ed swimming 

 in the water appears of a silver}^ slightly greenish shade. This 

 uniform colour is only broken bv the black spots along the side. 

 These may be numerous, few or entirely absent. When re- 

 moved from the water, and especially when the easily-detached 

 scales fall off, the variety of colours recorded by Pappe and 

 Castelman may be observed. The lower f of the body is then 

 of a bright silvery colour sharply marked off by a straight line 

 from the uj^per third, which is of a vi^•id green or greenish blue 

 tint. The Tine of demarcation follows the line of greatest 

 diameter of the body, so that when viewed from above, the 

 fish is of a dark blue or green colour, and when viewed from 

 below of a bright silvery hue ; the sharp line of demarcation is 



