SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE. 239 



years and had personally handled many thousand of fur-seal skins, 

 besides inspecting samples at practically every sale of fur skins made 

 in London during the whole of the time he had been in business. 

 He had thus acquired a general and detailed knowledge of the history 

 of the business and of the character and differences Avhich distinguish 

 the several kinds of skins on the market. He stated it as his judgment 

 that the skins of the several catches are readily distinguishable from 

 each other, and the skins of the different sexes may be as readily dis- 

 tinguished as the skins of the different sexes of any other animal. He 

 added that the difference between the skins of the three catches are so 

 marked that they have always been expressed in the different prices 

 obtained for the skins. He instances the sales on the list, which were 

 as follows: For the Alaska skins, 125 shillings per skin; for the Copper 

 skins, 68 shillings per skin; and for the Northwest, 53 shillings per 

 skin. 



Emil Teichmann (ibid., p. 576), was by birth a subject of the King- 

 dom of Wurtemburg, and had become a naturalized citizen of Her 

 Majesty from the time of reaching his manhood. He was 46 years 

 of age at the time of testifying. He had been engaged in the fur 

 business since 1868, and had resided in England and done business 

 in London. From 1873 to 18S0, he had been a member of the firm of 

 Martin & Teichmann, who were then, as its successors C. W. Martin & 

 Son still are, the largest dressers and dryers of sealskins in the world. 

 He had personally handled many hundreds of thousands of fur-seal slcins 

 and claimed to be, as well he might, an expert on the subject of the 

 various kinds of such skins. His testimony is minute and gives de- 

 tails as to the peculiarities which distinguish the skins. He states that 

 all those differences are so marked as to enable any expert readily to 

 distinguish Copper from Alaska skins, or vice versa, although he adds 

 that in the case of very young animals the differences are much less 

 marked than in the case of adults. 



George H. Tread well (ibid., p. 523), at the time of testifying, was 55 

 fyears of age. He was a citizen of the United States and a resident 

 of Albany County, in the State of New York. His father, George 

 C. Tread well, in 1832, started a wholesale fur business of a general 

 character, and his son, the witness, became associated with him in 

 1858, and upon his death, which occurred in 1885, he succeeded to 

 the business. That business is now conducted under the name of 

 The George C. Treadwell Company, a corporation formed under the 



