270 ARGUMENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 



So many witnesses have testified upon this point, and it is so doubt- 

 ful whether any testimony at all is needed if it be established that the 

 pup depends wholly upon its mother, that we shall confine ourselves 

 to brief abstracts. 



George Ball (Appendix to Case of the United States, Vol.11, p. 481) j 

 a shipmaster and a sealer, does not hesitate to say that the pups per- 

 ish with the cows that he and his companions kill. 



William Brennan sums up the situation with the conclusive argu- 

 ment that "it stands to reason that if the mothers are killed while 

 away from the island and the pups are left there alone they will surely 

 die, and it is a fact that many mothers are killed in Bering Sea" (ibid.,\). 



363). 



Henry Brown, seaman, engaged in pelagic sealing and residing at 

 Victoria, British Columbia, gives his experience in the slaughter of 

 gravid females as well as the females taken in the Bering Sea which 

 are not gravid, he says: These were cows in milk. Every seal cap- 

 tured causes the death of either an unborn pup or the death of a young 

 pup by starvation on the islands. He says (ibid., p. 318) : 



If pelagic sealing is continued, especially with guns, in a few years 

 the seal herd will become commercially destroyed. 



Luther T. Franklin, a seal-catcher, being asked, " Do the pups perish 

 with the cows that you kill? " answered, " naturally they must." (Ap- 

 pendix to Case of the United States, Vol. II, p. 420.) 



Charles Lutjens testifies, with probably unconscious force, as to the 

 brutality of the occupation in which he is engaged (ibid., p. 459): 



Q. Do the pups perish with the cows that you kill? — A. Certainly. 

 Not alone that, but they generally leave, while they go into the Ber- 

 ing Sea, a pup on shore, which also dies from not being able to get any 

 sustenance. The seal which is killed in the Bering Sea may be with 

 pup and also has a pup on shore, which made the killing three seals 

 to one. 



Alexander McLean says that if you kill a female seal you kill the 

 pup with her (ibid.,j). 437). 



For other testimony upon this point, see Daniel Claussen (ibid., p. 412), 

 Luther T. Franklin (ibid., p. 425), Louis Kimel (ibid., p. 174), and many 

 others testifying to the same fact. 



Multiplication of extracts could not add to the force of testimony so 

 reasonable and conclusive upon its face. 



Indeed, the evidence is so complete that the victims of pelagic 



