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tlie Gtli of June in Norton Sonnd. The dog-salmon and 

 the red-salmon appear in June, the humpbacks in July, 

 and the silver-salmon in August. The length of their stay 

 at the river mouths before ascending and the rate of ascent 

 to the spawning-grounds depend upon the urgency of the 

 breeding condition. In the long rivers the king-salmon 

 travels from twenty to forty miles a day ; this species and 

 the red -salmon are reported to be the greatest travellers. 

 The silver and dog salmon, however, are recorded by Dr. 

 Dall as traversing the Yukon at least 1,000 miles. As a 

 rule, they frequent the smaller streams, and the little hump- 

 back runs into mere rivulets. 



From the time the salmon enters fresh-water it begins to 

 deteriorate in flesh and undergoes remarkable changes in 

 form and color. Arriving as a shapely fish, clad in shining- 

 silvery scales, and with its flesh pink or red, it plays 

 around for a little while between salt-water and fresh, and 

 then begins its long fast and its wearisome journey. No 

 food is taken, and there are shoals, rapids, and sometimes 

 cataracts to be surmounted ; but the salmon falters not, rior 

 can it be prevented from accomplishing its mission by any- 

 thing but death or an impassable barrier. Its body soon 

 becomes thin and lacerated, and its fins are worn to shreds 

 by contact with sharp rocks. In the males a great hump 

 is developed on the back behind the head, and the jaws 

 are lengthened and distorted so that the mouth cannot 

 be closed. The wounded fish are soon attacked by the 

 salmon fungus, and progress from bad to worse until they 

 become unsightly. In the mean time the body colors will 

 have varied from dark gray in the humpback, with the 

 lower parts milky white, to a brilliant vermilion in the 

 red-salmon, contrasting beautifully with the rich olive- 

 green of its head. The excessive mortality of salmon 

 during the ascent of the streams and on the breeding- 

 grounds has led to the belief that none of the spawning 



