45 



gust 10 in such immense numbers tliat tliey can be caught 

 with the hands. The chief enemy of the little salmon was 

 the ckeioagh, or salmon trout of the region. The cJiewagh 

 is the Pacific red-spotted salmon trout of Dr. Suckley 

 {Salmo Campbelli), now known as the Dolly Varden, or 

 malma. In trying to escape from their enemies, accord- 

 ing to Dr. Kennerly's belief, the small salmon crowded 

 into shallow brooks, where they were readily taken in 

 hand nets. Their real mission in the brooks was probably 

 to spawn. Professor Johnson observed that Kennerly's 

 salmon was not accompanied by any large fish except an 

 occasional silver salmon {Oncorftynchus kisutcli). Out of 

 a thousand or more taken the females were as plentiful as 

 the males. The Professor states further that the large red 

 salmon {0. nerkd) is not so common at the mouth of Lake 

 Washington as the little salmon, and does not run up the 

 stream much south of the Noohsack River. Dr. Dawson 

 wrote me as follows: "The Indians all affirm that this 

 salmon lives throughout the year in the varioiis lakes in 

 which it occurs, only leaving them to run up certain 

 streams to spawn in the autumn. In my note-book, under 

 the date of September 16, and referring to Bear's River 

 (again a small stream), I find the following : 'A great num- 

 ber of little salmon-like fish, apparently running uj) to 

 spawn. It is singular that though they have evidently 

 been long in the stream (from the livid red color of many 

 of them, their frayed fins and tails, with white fungoid 

 growth in places), they have not got farther up the river, 

 which oifers no particular impediment to their ascent. 

 They cannot all have spawned, as many still hold spawn 

 and milt. Indians say that they all die in the streams and 

 do not return to the lake. ]\lany w^ere dead along the 

 stones, and the crows had collected in great numbers in the 

 vicinity. This was within a quarter of a mile or less from 

 the mouth of the river on the lake.' " 



Captfke. — Dr. Dawson continues: "Wherever these 



