SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I93O I79 



only 20 rooms and in contrast to its larger neighbor had no circular 

 chambers. Lying in the court formed by the two buildings, and com- 

 pletely detached from them, was the second great kiva. South of it 

 was the mound covering the third house, which had been a very small 

 dwelling (fig. 158). It was not possible to excavate the isolated great 

 kiva, but its walls were traced in order that the size could be deter- 

 mined and the structure properly plotted on the map of the site. Only 

 one room was excavated in the small structure to the south. This was 

 sufficient to indicate that the building had been of the same general 

 character as the other small dwelling. 



The largest of the houses shows only 60 rooms on the ground plan 

 (fig. 158). The four additional chambers constituted a second story 

 in the central portion of the building. The rest of the structure had 

 been but a single story in height. Evidence showed that it had not 

 been erected as a complete unit and that it was not occupied in its 

 entirety at any time. The central block and great kiva constituted the 

 original part of the structure. The east and west wings and the series 

 of chambers south of the main block and east of the great kiva were 

 subsequent additions. Masonry in the walls of the later portions was 

 inferior to that in the old section and the outlines of the rooms are 

 so irregular that it would seem that they may have been built by a 

 different group of people. Walls in the original section were con- 

 structed of well dressed stones, long and tabular in form, and are 

 characterized by alternating thick and thin courses. This feature 

 is one which is outstanding in some of the ruins in the Chaco Canyon 

 85 miles northeast of the Zuhi district. The walls in the later addi- 

 tions were formed from large blocks of stone, not particularly well 

 shaped for the purpose, and were not carefully laid. A considerable 

 part of the older section was abandoned after completion of the newer 

 units. This was evidenced by the fact that several of the rooms and 

 two of the kivas were completely filled with refuse of the kind which 

 accumulates around an occupied village. 



The ceremonial chambers dug into the earth in front of the struc- 

 ture appeared to have belonged to the later sections of the building. 

 Both these and the ones located within the mass of the house are of 

 interest because they show a decided northern characteristic in the 

 deep niche or recess at the southern side. Two of the kivas were 

 found to contain features which thus far have been observed in only 

 a very few examples of small ceremonial chambers. They are long, 

 rectangular pits or vaults at the west side of the room (fig. 161). 

 There is no satisfactory explanation as to their purpose and the Zuni 



