220 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



in a fasting dream saw a man walking" through the air, travelling 

 toward the west and playing on a wooden flute. He instructed the boy 

 in making the first flute known to the Winnebago. Numerous songs 

 were recorded by Monegar who is considered an authority on the 

 Winnebago of Wisconsin. A fine specimen of a wooden flute was 

 obtained later in the season. 



In July the writer went to the Grand Portage reservation in Minne- 

 sota to attend the dancing at a Fourth of July celebration. This 

 locality was visited in 1905 in connection with the early study of 

 Chippewa music, so a return to the place was particularly interesting. 

 Grand Portage (figs. 192 and 193) is on the north shore of Lake 

 Superior, near the Canadian boundary. It is the site of the oldest 

 settlement of white men in Minnesota and was a trading post of the 

 Northwest Company in 1780. Today it is an isolated village of about 

 20 Chippewa families, descendants of the old inhabitants who retain 

 many of the old customs. Among the dances seen in 1930 was a 

 war dance that could be danced only by men who had dreamed of a 

 grizzly bear. Such dances imitated the actions of a bear before going 

 to war. The dream and this dance were said to have been so strong a 

 protection that the arrows of the enemy could pass through a man's 

 body without injuring him. 



A wabunowin (east god dance) was held on July 5 and the writer 

 was invited. The dance was held in a long Medicine lodge, and a 

 little windmill was whirling on a post at the east entrance. This was 

 placed to summon the east wind which, it was said, always came and 

 made its presence known in this manner. Those who have dreamed 

 of the east god are believed to have particularly strong " medicine " 

 and this dance was believed to benefit a certain sick man. The dance 

 was in charge of Edward Ely Burntside (Sun climbing the sky), a 

 medicine man reputed to have great power, who afterward sang four 

 of his wabuno songs for the writer. The melodies were similar to the 

 songs of the Chippewa and Menominee Medicine Lodge. The words 

 were concerning the wabuno spirit who gave medicine to cure the 

 sick, and the words of the first song of the set were translated as 

 follows : 



On the north shore of Lake Superior, 



Seashells around my neck. 



The cliffs are where I get my medicine. 



More than two weeks later, at the same place, the shaking of a jug- 

 gler's tipi was seen. This performance is very rare at the present time 

 and was given by Edward Ely Burntside to ascertain whether his 

 treatment of a certain sick man would be successful. In a subsequent 



