222 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



conversation he said that if the spirits whom he summoned into his 

 tipi " spoke loud and clear " he knew the sick man would recover, but 

 if their voices were faint the man would die. The response at this 

 time was said to have been satisfactory. The writer, remaining at a 

 reasonable distance, watched the shaking of the tipi and listened to 

 the juggler's songs for almost an hour. The singing and drumming 

 was similar to that of the Chippewa Grand Medicine (Midewiwin). 

 Although the evening was without a breeze, the tipi (a tall, slender 

 structure) swayed back and forth with the regularity of a pendu- 

 lum, its top describing a wide arc, then it stood still for a few 

 moments and then was shaken convulsively, the cloth cover flapping 

 as though in a tempest. This was repeated over and over. Burnt- 

 side said that he was securely tied with thongs when he was put in 

 the tipi and freed himself from these cords. The writer was allowed 

 to inspect the hoops and poles of this tipi a few days later. The holes 

 in the ground were more than a foot deep and their edges did not show 

 the crumbling that would inevitably have resulted if the framework 

 of the tipi had been shaken as violently as it appeared to be shaken 

 during the juggler's performance. Numerous cords were attached to 

 the hoops and it appears possible that these cords could have been 

 manipulated in such a manner as to produce a motion of the cloth 

 cover without disturbing the framework of the tipi. This trick of 

 Indian medicine men has, however, remained without a satisfactory 

 explanation for many years. 



The purpose of this demonstration was to cure a man said to be 

 suffering from typhoid fever. A " beneficial dance " was held at his 

 house the next day and attended by the writer. The dance was in a 

 long Medicine lodge, and the dancing and songs were like those of 

 the Midewiwin. About a week later the man was said to be recovering. 



The study of Indian music was resumed in August at Kilbonrn. 

 Wisconsin. Two pageants are given simultaneously at the Dalles of 

 the Wisconsin River, each employing about ioo Indians from many 

 tribes. While the Winnebago were the chief interest, songs were 

 recorded by two Pueblo Indians, Pawi'tla of Isleta, known as Anthony 

 Lucero (fig. 195), and Hatcu'ke of Cochiti, known as Evergreen 

 Tree (fig. 196). The Pueblo songs thus obtained were more than 30 

 in number, including songs of war, hunting, corn grinding, and 

 various dances, with detailed descriptions of their use. 



On arriving at Kilbourn the writer learned that Mrs. Tom Thunder, 

 a Winnebago, had died during the previous night. Mrs. Thunder and 

 her husband (fig. 194) were photographed in 1927 when he recorded 

 sones at Hunter's Bridge. The writer went at once to Thunder's tent 



