102 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



The root of the word Al-eut is really, it seems, " ute," meaning 

 " people," and identical with the " ute " or " uit " in " In-uit " (pro- 

 nounced ' In-ute ") in " Mahlem-ute " and other names ending 

 similarly, of the Eskimo further north. There are only some dialectic 

 with a few cultural differences between these "Al-utes " and the 

 people of Nushagak, Kanatak, Togiak, Kuskokwim. 



These eastern "Al-utes " extend, or did so in the recent past, over 

 the Iliamna Lake to Newhalen River and Knud's Bay, on the northern 

 shore, where they met with or superseded the Kenai ; and they ex- 

 tended along the whole southern shore, though there were but a few 

 settlements. The Kenai began at Newhalen River, Knud's and neigh- 

 boring harbors, and at Iliamna Village, extending thence to the Clark 

 Lakes and Cook's Inlet. 



The lines of demarkation between these eastern eskimoid Al-utes 

 and the neighboring " Kenai " are not very distinct and many in- 

 dividuals of either group cannot be distinguished from those of the 

 other, but in general the Kenai in their physiognomies approach 

 more closely the Indian. 



The Kodiak Island culture presents considerable individuality, and 

 evidence of considerable age. It shows a relationship on one hand 

 to that of the Eskimo, and on the other to that of the northwest 

 coast. The skeletal remains appear to resemble those of the eastern 

 Al-ute, but show also other interesting characteristics. 



Kodiak Island shows the first trace in the far north of cranial de- 

 formation, of the cradle-board variety (occipital flattening). But this 

 was not universal. 



The remains on Kodiak Island show numerous and unmistakable 

 signs of long-continued cannibalism. 



The numerous old rich deposits on Kodiak Island, hitherto un- 

 touched, open an important new, large, and promising field for Ameri- 

 can exploration. 



