SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, 1 93 1 



119 



Fig. 112. — Ruins of Sans Souci, the palace of the black king Christophe 

 near Milot at the foot of the Massif du Nurd. Here were entertained 

 members of court and nobility created by Christophe, first king of the 

 Haitians. The Duke of Marmalade and the Count of Limonade received 

 their acrid titles from the names formerly bestowed by the French on 

 several of the northern provinces. 



Fig. 113. — The citadelle here shown crowns the high peak in the Massif 

 du Nord known as the Bishop's Bonnet. This monumental fortress was 

 erected by Christophe as a last defense against the French, should they 

 at any time return in force to again subdue their former African slaves. 



