SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, IO3I 121 



the African slaves. He names the distinct tribes and gives their 

 African habitat. The lighter-skinned Haitians of the southern prov- 

 inces betray admixture with the white race, while in the north mixed 

 bloods were killed during the period of the slave eruption. 



Intercourse and travel throughout the Republic has ever been lim- 

 ited. Paved carriage roads built by the French have been allowed to 

 fall into disrepair. An occasional bare spot in the jungle growth re- 

 veals an abandoned flagged and curbed roadway with occasional 

 glimpses of tall gate posts and sections of walls of mortised brick- 

 falling into oblivion. The wealthy French indigo, coffee, sugar and 

 rum planter was once the equal in wealth and prestige of the Ameri- 

 can tobacco planter. In his case there has been no culture sequence. 

 Black Haiti has absorbed but little of his culture. 



While the century of French occupation is perpetuated in the arched 

 bridges, porticos, and houses still standing in the cities, and in the 

 occasional survival of a French sugar-mill, of the Spanish conquer- 

 ors there remains less trace than of the Indians whom they destroyed. 

 Spanish rule continued for more than one hundred years before they 

 retired before the French. Their influence may be noted in the names 

 of rivers, towns (c. g., Lascahobas), and places near the Dominican 

 border where Spanish nationality and influence is strong to the present 

 day. Haiti never was completely occupied by the Spanish as was Santo 

 Domingo. But little gold was to be had in Haiti after the Xaraguanians 

 were deprived of their golden ornaments and sacred objects. The few 

 Spanish colonists were readily absorbed by the French once a foot- 

 hold was obtained by the buccaneers at Cap Haitien. 



Across the bay from Cap Haitien is the village of Petite Anse, the 

 historic spot where Columbus founded the first European colony in 

 the New World. The colony, La Navidad, short-lived as it was. is of 

 interest here as a possible link in identifying the site of the native 

 village of Guarico, the seat of the Arawak chief Goacanageric who 

 became the friend of Columbus. The Gendarmerie exhibit with en- 

 thusiasm at their headquarters in Port-au-Prince a ship's anchor re- 

 putedly found in the shallow waters of the bay at Petite Anse. It is 

 of a type that might have been carried by the Santa Maria, the flag- 

 ship of Columbus shipwrecked on Christmas Day, 1492, the timbers of 

 which were used to build the fortified structures that were to house 

 the 44 members of the La Navidad colony. It is probable that where 

 Cap Haitien now stands is the former site of Guarico ; at least tradi- 

 tion would have it so. According to Washington Irving, some of the 

 older inhabitants still referred to the town (Cap Haitien) by the name 

 of Guarico. 



