68 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



of the type which the writer has excavated in New Mexico and 

 Arizona. 



( )ne of the structures was destroyed hy fire and although the heavier 

 timbers were seared by the flames they were not completely destroyed 

 (fig. 66). From the charred material it will probably be possible to 

 determine, by the Douglass method of tree-ring dating, the year when 

 the timbers were cut and the house erected. A preliminary plotting of 

 the beams in the field gave a tentative date of 797 A. D., but this has 

 not yet been definitely established as correct. Until a careful check 

 has been made it can only be suggested that the house may date from 

 the eighth century. The other dwelling did not furnish beam material 

 which can be studied. Archeological evidence, however, indicates 

 that it antedated the one which burned. 



Adjacent to the pit dwellings were the remains of 12 granaries. 

 These were also excavated, and it was determined that they were 

 contemporaneous with the main structures. These storage places had 

 relatively shallow, rectangular pits lined with stone slabs. They had 

 also been covered with superstructures of pole and plaster construc- 

 tion. Although small, two of them gave evidence of having for a 

 time, at least, served as living rooms. In two of them there were 

 large quantities of carbonized corn. Eight of the structures belonged 

 to one of the houses and four to the other. 



The ruin corresponding to the third level or Pueblo II consists of 

 six rooms and a ceremonial chamber. In all respects it is a typical 

 unit house of the form which has been considered characteristic of 

 this stage of Pueblo development. The six rooms were joined into a 

 single-storied building which stood entirely above ground. The cere- 

 monial chamber was placed in the earth several feet from the south- 

 east wall of the main building (fig. 67). It was circular in form and 

 suggested in a modified way the pit type of house of preceding stages. 

 Timbers from the ruin indicate that the house was built in the latter 

 part of the ninth century A. D. 



A comparison of the plan of one of the pit dwellings and its ac- 

 companying granaries with that of the unit house and its ceremonial 

 chamber shows clearly the germ of the Pueblo II small house type. 

 All that would be needed to develop one from the other would be to 

 enlarge the granaries and combine them into a single structure, making 

 them the living quarters, and change the subterranean chamber from 

 secular to ceremonial purposes. 



Pottery, bone, stone, and shell objects obtained from the excava- 

 tions illustrate the nature of the arts and industries of each phase. 

 IUtrials found in association with the house remains demonstrated 

 period differences comparable to these noted in dwelling types. 



