MAN FROM THE FARTHEST PAST 
horses that had been killed and eaten by the prehistoric 
hunters during their long occupancy of this site. Below 
the horse bones, again, the excavators came upon one and 
in some places two layers of Aurignacian débris; while 
finally, in the deepest portions of their trench, they un- 
covered the Mousterian culture with its characteristic 
coarser artifacts. These were buried under nearly forty 
feet of accumulations. . In 1923, the son of the elder M. 
Arcelin, in company with MM. Depéret and Mayet, dis- 
covered in the Aurignacian stratum, under all those of 
Solutrean and Neolithic and more recent times and well 
below that of the horse bones, the skeletons of two men 
and one woman. Near the latter lay the remains of two 
babies. The bodies of the adults had evidently been 
regularly buried, for their graves were marked by slabs 
of limestone which, though destined in the course of ages 
to be so deeply covered, probably had projected above the 
ground when the prehistoric mourners placed them in 
position. 
The last of our three typical sites is that of Chelles, on 
the river Marne, eight miles east of Paris. Here the an- 
cient sands and river gravels form a terrace about twenty- 
six feet thick between the present bed of the stream and 
the surrounding level. First comes a Mousterian stratum; 
just below that, an Acheulian one; then, earliest of all, 
about thirteen feet above the river, the Chellean, to which 
this site has given its name. Characteristic types of stone 
- implements and bones of different species of animals mark 
each of these layers. For the Chellean and earlier Acheu- 
lian epochs were associated with creatures belonging to a 
warm climate, like the straight-tusked elephant, the hip- 
popotamus, and Merck’s rhinoceros. On the other hand, 
the upper or later Acheulian and the Mousterian, later 
still, show, by the presence of animals like the mammoth, 
the reindeer, and the woolly rhinoceros, the existence of 
arctic conditions. 
These three typical sites—Mas d’Azil, Solutré, and 
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